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Endothelial dysfunction is common to various pathophysiological conditions and disease states. This dysfunction encompasses alterations in various processes that are modulated by the endothelium, including thrombosis, inflammation, control of vascular tone, and vessel growth and remodelling. Although this term has been used commonly to refer to an impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation...
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Therefore, interventions that reduce the incidence and progression rate of DN will reduce morbidity and mortality rates as well as health care costs. Hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension are...
The kidney is a major physiological player in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Chronic renal insufficiency alters the synthesis, distribution, and elimination of thyroid hormones and disturbs central (hypothalamo-pituitary) control of thyroid function. Studies have shown that inflammation is a relevant component in the low triiodothyronine (T3) levels commonly observed in patients with chronic...
Stroke is a devastating co-morbidity in chronic kidney disease that is several -fold more common than in the general population. Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors account for much of the stroke risk in CKD, some risk factors like anemia and dyslipidemia are challenging to address in view of recent clinical trial data that do not seem to provide the full degree of expected benefit from...
Cardiovascular disease contributes to about 50% of overall mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Alterations in left ventricular mass (LVM) and geometry and LV dysfunction are commonly prevalent and represent the strongest death predictors in this high-risk population. Although more refined techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are available, quantitative echocardiography...
This work aims at studying the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to hemodialysis (HD) treatment in a population of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. ECG Holter recordings and whole body bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements were performed for each patient. Patients were classified according to the fluid overload (FO) values and the systolic blood pressure (SBP) measured before HD. Time...
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