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While model predictive control (MPC) is the industrially preferred method for advanced control in the process industries, it has not found much use in consumer products and safety-critical embedded systems applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical, and robotics. The main barriers are implementability and dependability, where important factors are implementation of advanced...
We develop and describe some algorithms dedicated to people characteristic movement type detection using ultra wide band radar. Derived methods are implemented in real time system where breath detection and its basic parameters e.g. frequency and depth are estimated. We present also some crucial details of software implementation where we deal with radar signal acquisition and processing in real time...
Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising candidate to replace DRAM in embedded systems. However, it can only sustain a limited number of write operations. To solve this issue, this paper proposes a novel and effective wear-leveling technique in software level to prolong the lifetime of PCM-based embedded systems. A polynomial-time algorithm, Multi-Space Wear Leveling Algorithm (MWL), is...
Within the software industry software piracy is a great concern. In this article, this issue is addressed through a prevention technique called software watermarking. The watermarking schema can be used for protecting the software written in jME API. A program is marked by hiding the copyright in a scene graph. According to a secret initial order of scene graph traversal, a secret message is embedded...
In this paper we propose a novel parallel hardware architecture for two binary matrix inversion and vector decoding algorithms, for hard Raptor decoder. We compare the achieved performance to a software based implementation in an embedded processor. We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed architecture in terms of performance (by a factor 12), power and energy dissipation (by a factor of 15)...
The development of software for Electric Load Management Center (ELMC) is presented in this paper. Based on the embedded real-time operating system VxWorks, ELMC performs multiple tasks including periodic and aperiodic ones. While rate monotonic (RM) algorithm is still used to process periodic tasks, we propose a condition triggered algorithm (CTA) to schedule aperiodic tasks by using VxWorks's semaphore...
Sorting is an important operation for many embedded computing systems. Since sorting large datasets may slowdown the overall execution, schemes to speedup sorting operations are needed. Bearing in mind the hardware acceleration of sorting, we show in this paper an analysis and comparison among three hardware sorting units: sorting network, insertion sorting, and FIFO-based merge sorting. We focus...
Hardware Software partitioning is one of the most significant part of Hardware Software co-design of embedded systems, which is directly related to performance and cost. A lot of works have been done such as the simulated annealing algorithm, greedy algorithm and evaluation algorithm. In this paper, a new hardware software partitioning method based on Immune Algorithm was introduced. The model of...
The introduction of embedded systems equipped with FPGA having a GPP contained inside them (reconfigurable SoC (RSoC)) create a lot of challenges to OS for resource management. In distributed RSoCs, different applications may run on different RSoCs with variant resource requirements. Due to the variety of applications, a continuous change in demands from OS services (e.g. expected response-time) may...
Watershed transformation is a powerful technique that can be efficiently used for image segmentation. In this paper, we implement a watershed based segmentation algorithm on a Virtex II Pro platform. The main contribution of this work is the low execution time and minimal internal FPGA consumed resources. The proposed architecture includes two main blocs. First, a gradient of the image is generated...
Cost-effective software evolution is critical to many distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. Selecting the lowest cost set of software components that meet DRE system resource constraints, such as total memory and available CPU cycles, is an NP-hard problem. This paper provides three contributions to R&D on evolving software-intensive DRE systems. First, we present the software evolution...
One of the most crucial steps in the design of embedded systems is deciding which components of the system should be implemented in software and which ones in hardware. Inspired by genetic algorithm (GA) and tabu search (TS), this paper puts forward a hybrid strategy (GATS) to solve the software-hardware partitioning problem in embedded system. The main frame of GATS is provided by genetic algorithm...
The RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) is a critical component in the SOPC (System-On-Programmable-Chip), in which the hardware-software unified multi-task management and scheduling of RTOS can significantly improve the performance of SOPC. First, we build a unified scheduling policy based on hardware-software unified multi-task management model. Then, we analyze the shared resources competition problem...
Hardware/software partitioning is a critical phase in the codesign approach of embedded system design. Most of the partitioning algorithms proposed assume that an embedded system has distinct sub-modules. The issue of partitioning of resource constrained embedded systems consisting of multiple occurrences of a single functionality, needs to be addressed. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm...
A wear-leveling algorithm for Nandflash is proposed by creating a dynamic logical mapping table in embedded file system, and the related management methods are discussed in detail in this paper. The dynamic logical mapping table is varying during system running, by this way the blocks in Nandflash worn levelly, so device lifetime extended. Also presents the recycle method for garbage blocks and the...
Hardware/software partitioning is a key problem in hardware/software co-design. This paper presents a new hardware/software partitioning methodology based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. The model of the embedded system was constructed by directed acyclic graph to obtain the objective function. Then improvement strategies are introduced in order to overcome the problems of low precision...
Performance evaluation techniques for fundamental graphics algorithms and for algorithms to be used in multimedia and embedded systems are investigated. Models of computation considering only arithmetic and logic operations taken on input data are regarded as inadequate for processors with instruction-level parallelism. For experimental evaluation of graphics algorithms clock-cycle counting is found...
Technologies that enable trusted computing in embedded systems such as cell phones, PDAs, or set top boxes have drawn much attention in recent years, especially since the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) announced the creation of security specifications for such devices. In June 2007, the TCG released the first specification of a Mobile Reference Architecture that builds on the concept of a Mobile Trust...
This paper illustrates the importance of both algorithmic and embedded software techniques for an optimal embedded implementation of an image analysis and computer vision function: the integral image. A naive, straightforward implementation of the integral image on an embedded processor will likely produce an unacceptable execution time. However, by applying recursion and double buffering, one can...
Hardware/software partitioning is a crucial problem in embedded system design. In this paper, we provide an alternative approach to solve this problem using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Performance analysis of the proposed scheme with integer linear programming, genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization technique has been compared using standard benchmark datasets, and the computer...
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