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This paper presents a differential relaxation oscillator that uses swing-boost and current-reused techniques. Output swing boosting is adopted to improve noise performance, and current-reused architecture reduces the power consumption of the oscillator. Since oscillation frequency is defined by the resistor and capacitor, combining opposite temperature coefficient resistors helps eliminate temperature-caused...
The target of this work is to develop a low-power 39.25MHz crystal oscillator (XO) with low phase noise for RF applications and to achieve the highest FOM in XO's. To reduce the supply current at a constant negative resistance (RN) in the XO, a stacked-amplifier crystal oscillator (SAXO) operating at I/O voltage is proposed, eliminating the need for a Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO). By stacking 4 amplifiers,...
Relaxation oscillators have a profound scope as on-chip reference clock sources or sensor front-ends in comparison to ring oscillators due to their superior frequency stability, control linearity, and wide tuning range. However, despite a better fundamental limit predicted in theory, the phase noise performance of relaxation oscillators trails behind that of ring oscillators. Furthermore, there is...
Oscillators that operate at 720 and 940 MHz and characterized over a temperature range of 25°C to 200°C and 250°C, respectively, are presented. The oscillators are designed on alumina substrates with typical integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Cree SiC MESFETs, thin film metal-insulator-metal capacitors and spiral inductors, and Johanson miniature chip antennas make-up the circuits. The output...
In order to take up the challenge of BAW-based time reference, this paper presents new BAW/Integrated Circuits (IC) co-integration considerations. For the demonstration, a SiP approach is proposed where the Solidly Mounted Resonator (SMR) has been directly flip-chipped on the top of the IC. This 2.5 GHz oscillator reaches a -93 dBc/Hz phase noise at a 2 kHz carrier offset for a 7.3 mW power consumption...
This paper presents a miniaturized 2.5 GHz frequency source based on compensated BAW resonator with its integrated temperature molybdenum sensor assembled on the differential Colpitts oscillator. The presence of silicon dioxide layer having a positive temperature coefficient compared to other layers is used to reduce the resonator's drift. A demonstration oscillator achieves a frequency drift of 40...
A sufficient set of criteria is presented for the verification of frequency synthesizers. Failure modes are identified for automatic gain control (AGC), phase-locked loop (PLL), and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) circuits. Low- and high-frequency noise, thermal, and vibration effects are presented for VCOs and PLLs.
This paper presents an integrated 26-MHz digitally-controlled crystal oscillator (DCXO) with temperature compensation function for multi-standard cellular applications, that achieves a phase noise of -154 and -159 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 100 kHz offset, respectively. The frequency instability over temperature is compensated by built-in temperature sensor and compensating capacitor. The frequency instability...
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