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Static analysis techniques can be used to compute safe bounds on the worst-case execution time (WCET) of programs. For large programs, abstractions are often required to curb computational complexity. These abstractions may introduce infeasible paths which result in significant overestimation. These paths can be eliminated by adding additional constraints to the static analysis. Such constraints can...
Utilizing virtualization technology to combine real-time operating system(RTOS)and off-the-shelf time-sharing general purpose operating system (GPOS)is attracting much more interest recently.Such combination has the potential to provide a large application base,and to guarantee timely deterministic response to real-time applications,yet there is no convincible experimental result about its real-time...
In Recent years embedded world has been undergoing a shift from traditional single-core processors to processors with multiple cores. However, this shift poses a challenge of adapting legacy uniprocessor-oriented real-time operating system (RTOS) to exploit the capability of multi-core processor. In addition, some embedded systems are inevitably going towards the direction of integrating real-time...
Operating systems have historically been implemented as independent layers between hardware and applications. User programs communicate with the OS through a set of well defined system calls, and do not have direct access to the hardware. The OS, in turn, communicates with the underlying architecture via control registers. Except for these interfaces, the three layers are practically oblivious to...
As the need for embedded systems to interact with other systems is growing fast, we see great opportunities in introducing the hardware-in-the-loop technique to the field of hardware/software co-design of embedded systems. This technique reduces the need to develop models for existing hardware and increases the accuracy of the overall system. This work is especially important now that complexity and...
The increase of computational power in embedded systems has allowed integrating together hard real-time tasks and rich applications. Complex SW infrastructures containing both RTOS and GPOS are required to handle this complexity. To optimally map system functionality to the hard-RT SW domain, to the general purpose SW domain or to HW peripherals, early performance evaluations at the first steps of...
The architecture design of VOIP videophone system composed of TMS320DM642 and ARM9 is described in this paper firstly. Then the scheduling design of VOIP videophone under DSP / BIOS real-time operating system is introduced. The system control and data operation management achieved by HPI Interface design between DSP and ARM9 is elaborated further in detail. Practical results show that it has solved...
The plan to design hardware real-time operating system based on FPGA is presented and the harden of the μC/OS-II is done, in order to resolve the problem that the real-time operating system kernel takes a lot of system resources and reduces the schedulability of application. The major function module of RTOS is composed of four parts the management of the event flag group (EFG), the semaphore management,...
Traditional operating systems differentiate between threads, which are managed by the kernel scheduler, and interrupt handlers, which are scheduled by the hardware. This approach is not only asymmetrical in its nature, but also introduces problems relevant to real-time systems because low-priority interrupt handlers can interrupt high-priority threads. We propose to internally design all threads as...
This paper presents a study on the feasibility of joint kernel and application partitioning. In the design of embedded systems, it is customarily the application that is partitioned between hardware and software implementation. However, it is also possible to partition the operating system/kernel. Due to the kernel's high invocation frequency, small reductions in its execution time can lead to significant...
Multicore architectures, which have multiple processing units on a single chip, have been adopted by most chip manufacturers. Most such chips contain on-chip caches that are shared by some or all of the cores on the chip. Prior work has presented methods for improving the performance of such caches when scheduling soft real-time workloads. Given these methods, two additional research issues arise:...
The ARINC 653 specification, defined for aeronautical applications, has the goal of providing a standard interface between a given real-time operating system (RTOS) and the corresponding applications. It also provides robust partitioning, with the final goal of guaranteeing safety and timeliness in mission-critical systems. The interest in ARINC 653 has extended to the aerospace industry, which resulted...
We have developed an embedded ultrasound signal processing (EUSP) subsystem which has the capability to process ultrasound signals of B mode, color flow and spectrum Doppler in real-time. The system consists of four high performance digital signal processors (DSPs), TMS320VC6416, and other peripherals such as FIFOs and SDRAMs. It can provide very high data throughputs and up to 19200 MIPS of computation...
This paper proposes micro muT-Kernel, a real-time operating system for networked tiny devices, which adopts a preemptive priority-based scheduling. It provides a sophisticated application programming interface to facilitate software development. In addition, to provide rich functionalities with a small-footprint, the kernel is reconfigurable with respect to the API. Moreover, muT-Kernel supports a...
The powerful muC/OS-II is based on the priority preemptive real-time kernel which simultaneously provides task management, time management, memory management and communication between the tasks and functions can be ported and reduced freely. This paper analyzes the structure of muC/OS-IIpsilas kernel and its code, and introduces how to porting muC/OS-II to MCS-51 Series of MCU by means of establishing...
Currently, for embedded systems, the complexity of the software is rapidly increasing due to the advance in the fields of multimedia and network. It is difficult to find the cause of problems. Especially, when the causes of problems are buried in the kernel layer, finding them from application's layer is not easy. One reason of the difficulties comes from that there are not effective tools and functions...
In this paper, we look at two different approaches used to provide embedded system support for virtualization and virtual machine monitors for consumer electronics and mobile devices. We compare the micro-kernel approach, which has been a popular choice for building embedded operating systems with the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) or hypervisor approach widely deployed in general purpose computing...
With the popularity of using Linux for embedded systems, its real-time performance is increasingly becoming an importance issue for applications that require short latency and task execution predictability as commonly encountered in many embedded systems. This paper presents a survey of the approaches used by commercial vendors and open source community to enhance the real-time performance of the...
In order to make the operating system in education easier to understand and practice, we advise to introduce a kind of nanokernel to the beginner because the concept of nanokernel was to reduce the kernel to basic schedular, interrupt and timer, and let others reside in user space in forms of normal processes. XtratuM as a special nanokernel is a part of OCERA(Open Components for Embedded Real-time...
Load imbalance cause significant performance degradation in High Performance Computing applications. In our previous work we showed that load imbalance can be alleviated by modern MT processors that provide mechanisms for controlling the allocation of processors internal resources. In that work, we applied static, hand-tuned resource allocations to balance HPC applications, providing improvements...
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