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The future B3G or 4G mobile networks will consist of heterogeneous networks, including GSM, UMTS, and WiMAX. In order to realize a seamless vertical handover (inter-RAT handover), a variety of interworking architectures and inter-RAT handover mobility managements have been proposed. In this paper we consider the tight coupling architecture to achieve the interconnection between UMTS and WiMAX systems...
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