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Extensive research is being done on Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) in present decade. WSNs consist of large number of sensor nodes which perform sensing of certain phenomena and send the sensed data to the sinks. This operation consumes energy of sensor nodes which effects the lifetime of a network. To prolong the lifetime of WSNs various strategies and routing algorithms have been proposed. Use...
Wireless sensor network includes base station (sink) and battery operated sensor nodes. A sensor's energy is consumed to transmit data to the sink. Thus, a sensor's energy depletes with time. Energy consumption can be reduced by using the mobile sink which communicates between end user and sensor nodes. Mobile sink usage requires efficient reconstruction of routes from a sensor to the mobile sink...
Trust-based secure routing in MANETs has attracted lot of research attention worldwide. It is effective in providing secure routing by isolating malicious nodes and other overheads from MANETs. This paper proposes, GradeTrust, a secure routing protocol for MANETs based on the trust levels of network nodes. It uses trust to isolate black hole routing attacks thus offering secure routing of data traffic...
WSNs are gradually penetrating all spheres of security, industry and civil sectors. Since the very inception of the concept, a need for enhancing energy efficiency and longevity of the networks is felt. Routing protocols designed for WSNs have evolved over the years in order to serve this purpose better. This paper summarizes the concerns of a WSN and discusses how these were addressed through innovations...
Nowadays WSNs are expected to be an integral part of the extensive computing environment. But because of limited resource of the sensor nodes, it requires to manage an everincreasing need for efficient energy and resource management for both the sensor nodes as well as the overall sensor network. In sensor network, to provide the energy efficiency across all the sensor nodes, finding of efficient...
Typically, wireless sensor network (WSN) uses static sinks to gather sensor data. However, it brings not only excessive sink installation cost but also energy-hole problem. In this paper, we consider data acquisition with guaranteeing latency in WSN by multiple mobile sinks. In particular, we optimize the number of sinks as well as the itinerary of each sink for this problem such that the total cost,...
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), routing is a challenging task due to traffic and network size. To route the number of packets in WSN, the idea is to consider about Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). The first hybrid routing protocol having proactive and reactive features was ZRP. Reconfigurable Wireless Networks has an ability to reconstruct its networks if network crash takes place and ZRP follow, highly...
The recent technological advances in the field of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have expanded the range of WSN applications. In some of these applications, sensor nodes are mobile rather than static. Also, the recent advances in personal digitals assistants (PDAs) allow the existence of multiple mobile sinks to collect the sensors data. These characteristics require the design of new routing protocols...
Topology change is the main factor that affects the network life time of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. In static WSN, the topology change is often caused by node failure which is due to energy depletion. However, in the Mobile WSN (MWSN), the main reason of the topology change is caused by the node movement. Since the mobile sensor nodes are limited in power supply and have a low radio...
The energy consumption and the lifetime in wireless sensor network (WSN) can be investigated from the perspective of network topology division. A connected key nodes discovering algorithm based on loop detection between neighbor nodes was proposed in this paper. Moreover, we proposed the principle and theoretical analysis of this algorithm. This algorithm can be used to find the connected key nodes...
In WSN, sensors near the sink have to relay the data of the nodes away from the sink and as a result they drain their energy very quickly. It result in network partitioning and can significantly limit the network lifetime. This problem is termed as hotspot problem. Recently, formation of hot spot or energy hole near the sink has emerged as a critical issue for data gathering in WSN. In this paper,...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are applicable in vast range of applications and depending on the application the sink could be mobile or stationary. Sink mobility has been shown to improve network lifetimes [1], however mobile sink has to periodically update network about its changing position. This control traffic is non-negligible for low power, limited capacity sensors and induces energy consumption...
In this paper we explore the mobility of a mobile sink in a wireless sensor network (WSN) to prolong the network lifetime. Since the mechanical movement of mobile sink is driven by petrol and/or electricity, the total travel distance of the mobile sink should be bounded. To minimize the data loss during the transition of the mobile sink from its current location to its next location, its moving distance...
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), data gathering using mobile sinks typically incurs constant propagation of sink location indication messages to guide the direction of data reporting. Such behavior is undesirable, especially when the sensor network scale increases, as frequent message flooding will cause serious congestion in network communication and significantly impair the sensor network lifetime...
Cooperation enforcement in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) typically relies on separate detection and punishment schemes that isolate selfish nodes from routing and receiving network services. However, cooperative nodes then have to carry all the traffic. We propose a system that enforces cooperation smoothly and assures a fair distribution of bandwidth, as well as...
Geographic routing is widely used in wireless sensor networks due to its great efficiency, good scalability and computed routing close to the best possible. However, the problem that geographic routing uses GPS receivers or location algorithms to obtain nodes' geographic information leads to expensive cost and high overhead. Aiming at this problem, we present a Landmark-based Virtual Geographic Routing...
The benefits of using mobile sink to prolong sensor network lifetime have been well recognized. However, few provably theoretical results remain are developed due to the complexity caused by time-dependent network topology. In this work, we investigate the optimum routing strategy for the static sensor network. We further propose a number of motion stratifies for the mobile sink(s) to gather real...
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