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Bioprocess plants using microorganisms and/or enzymes, such as fermentation plants, have many characteristics similar to those of chemical plants. Thus, a chemical engineering approach should be useful in the design and operation of various plants that involve biological systems, if differences in the physical properties of some materials are taken into account. In engineering calculations, a clear...
The role of physical transfer processes in bioprocess plants is as important as that of biochemical and microbial processes. Thus, knowledge of the engineering principles of such physical processes is important in the design and operation of bioprocess plants. Although this chapter is intended mainly for nonchemical engineers who are unfamiliar with such principles, it might also be useful to chemical...
Bioprocesses involve many chemical and/or biochemical reactions. Knowledge concerning changes in the compositions of reactants and products, as well as their rates of utilization and production under given conditions, is essential when determining the size of a reactor. In general, bioreactions can occur in either a homogeneous liquid phase or in heterogeneous phases including gas, liquid, and/or...
This chapter discusses the characteristics and kinetics of cell growth. If microorganisms are placed under suitable physical conditions in an aqueous medium containing suitable nutrients, they are able to increase their number and mass by processes of fission, budding, and/or elongation. The time course curve, or growth curve, for a batch culture usually consists of six phases, namely the lag, accelerating,...
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