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Noscapine biosynthesis in opium poppy involves three characterized O‐methyltransferases (OMTs) and a fourth responsible for the 4ʹ‐methoxyl on the phthalide isoquinoline scaffold. The first three enzymes are homodimers, whereas the latter is a heterodimer encoded by two linked genes (OMT2 and OMT3). Neither OMT2 nor OMT3 form stable homodimers, but yield a substrate‐specific heterodimer when their...
Codeinone reductase (COR) catalyzes the reversible NADPH‐dependent reduction of codeinone to codeine as the penultimate step of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). It also irreversibly reduces neopinone, which forms by spontaneous isomerization in aqueous solution from codeinone, to neopine. In a parallel pathway involving 3‐O‐demethylated analogs, COR converts morphinone to...
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