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Recent research in the etiology of schizophrenia revealed that there may be some neurodevelopmental failures such as neuronal network incompetence in the brain of this disease, and neurotransmitters cannot function accurately or adequately. But, it is unknown precisely what kinds of deficit in neurotransmission may be existed histopathologically. We investigated the expression of vesicle monoamine...
[18F]AV‐133 is a novel PET tracer for targeting the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). The aim of this study is to characterize and quantify the loss of monoamine neurons with [18F]AV‐133 in the MPTP‐lesioned PD mouse model using animal PET imaging and ex vivo quantitative autoradiography (QARG). Methods: Optimal imaging time window of [18F]AV‐133 was first determined in normal C57BL/6 mice...
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) activity has been previously linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by its phosphorylation of tau and activation by amyloid. GSK3β intracellular distribution is important in regulating its activity by restricting access to compartment‐specific substrates. This study investigated regional and intracellular distribution of GSK3β in a mouse model of AD, a bigenic mouse...
We report the presence of a small population of cholinergic neurons closely intermingled with external pallidal neurons in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The majority of these cholinergic pallidal neurons are devoid of Nerve Growth Factor receptor (NGFr), which sets them apart from the population of corticopetal NGFr‐rich neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and its ectopic elements...
The discovery of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a toxin that induces parkinsonism in both human and primate, has prompted the search for environmental toxins potentially responsible for idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study reports the ultimate effects of MPTP intoxication of a female macaque monkey, which unraveled to be pregnant after parkinsonism had developed,...
Preclinical studies demonstrate that repeated, high‐dose methamphetamine administrations rapidly decrease plasmalemmal dopamine uptake, which may contribute to aberrant dopamine accumulation, reactive species generation, and long‐term dopaminergic deficits. The present study extends these findings by demonstrating a heretofore unreported, epitope‐specific modification in the dopamine transporter caused...
The etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown. However, using molecular biological techniques, some candidate genes have been identified that might be associated with the disease. One of these candidate genes, disrupted‐in‐schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), was found in a large Scottish family with multiple mental illnesses. The function of DISC1 is considered to be associated with axon elongation and neuron...
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