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Rhythmic oscillatory activities at the theta frequency (3–12 Hz) have long attracted attention, as they have been implicated in diverse brain functions. There are two kinds of hippocampal theta rhythms: Type 1 is an atropine‐resistant noncholinergic theta rhythm, and Type 2 is an atropine‐sensitive cholinergic theta rhythm. However, it has not yet been determined whether the theta rhythm generated...
MDMA (3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is an amphetamine derivative widely used for recreational purposes. We have recently shown that repeated treatment with high doses of MDMA‐induced impairments in the acquisition and recall of an active avoidance task in mice. In this study, we examined whether the endogenous peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) agonist, oleoylethanolamide (OEA)...
The aim of this research was to study the role of dopamine D1 receptors in caffeine elicited ERK phosphorylation in the prefrontal and other cortical (cingulate and motor) and subcortical (shell and core of the nucleus accumbens) regions. To this end, caffeine (3 and 10 mg/kg) was administered before phosphoERK immunohistochemistry. Caffeine dose‐dependently increased the number of phosphoERK‐positive...
The amphetamine challenge, in which positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography radioligand binding following administration of amphetamine is compared to baseline values, has been successfully used in a number of brain imaging studies as an indicator of dopaminergic function, particularly in the striatum. [18F] fallypride is the first PET radioligand that allows...
In epilepsy, there is a tendency towards recurrent unprovoked seizures. Seizures result due to the excessive electrical misfiring in the brain between neurons and disturbance in neurotransmitter release. Several gene products affect the behavior of these neurons by regulating neurotransmission via several mechanisms. One such gene, Synapsin‐2 (SYN2), involved in synaptogenesis is also reported to...
Low levels of dopamine (DA) D2 receptor availability at a resting baseline have been previously reported in drug addicted individuals and have been associated with reduced ventral and dorsal prefrontal metabolism. The reduction in DA D2 receptor availability along with the reduced ventral frontal metabolism is thought to underlie compromised sensitivity to nondrug reward, a core characteristic of...
Epidemiological studies in children have reported associations between elevated dietary manganese (Mn) exposure and neurobehavioral and neurocognitive deficits. To better understand the relationship between early Mn exposure and neurobehavioral deficits, we treated neonate rats with oral Mn doses of 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over postnatal day (PND) 1–21, and evaluated behavioral performance using...
Osthole and imperatorin, two active compounds of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, have previously been shown to facilitate depolarization‐evoked glutamate release from rat hippocampal nerve terminals by increasing voltage‐dependent Ca2+ entry. In this study, we further investigated whether osthole and imperatorin possess an action at the exocytotic machinery itself, downstream of a Ca2+ influx. Our data...
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