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An intracellular dual fluorescent light‐up bioprobe with aggregation‐induced emission features and endogenously producing photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) abilities is designed and synthesized. The bioprobe is nonemissive in physiological environment. However, the bioprobe can selectively light up cancer cells with blue fluorescence of tetraphenylene (TPE) and red fluorescence of PpIX, owing...
Protein‐based nanospheres, fabricated by protein and polypeptide co‐assembly, are developed as versatile drug delivery vehicles for photosensitizers. On page 5936, X. Yan and co‐workers describe how the responsiveness of nanospheres to changes in pH/redox/enzyme stimuli leads to efficient multi‐triggered tumor‐responsive photodynamic tumor ablation.
Tumor‐responsive nanocarriers are highly valuable and demanded for smart drug delivery particularly in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), where a quick release of photosensitizers in tumors is preferred. Herein, it is demonstrated that protein‐based nanospheres, prepared by the electrostatic assembly of proteins and polypeptides with intermolecular disulfide cross‐linking and surface polyethylene...
A multifunctional theranostic platform based on conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) with tumor targeting, fluorescence detection, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) is developed for effective cancer imaging and therapy. Two conjugated polymers, poly[9,9‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)‐ethyl)fluorenyldivinylene]‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole) with bright red emission...
Multifunctional conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are developed for image‐guided phototherapy by D. Ding, B. Liu, and co‐workers in article number 1602807. Under proper light irradiation, these CPNs display bright red fluorescence, efficient singlet oxygen generation and excellent photothermal conversion abilities. With affibody decoration, these CPNs show excellent tumor targeting and synergistic...
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of new highly effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant melanoma is highly desirable. In this study, a new class of polymeric photothermal agents based on poly(N‐phenylglycine) (PNPG) suitable for use in near‐infrared (NIR) phototherapy of malignant melanoma is designed and developed...
Singlet oxygen (1O2), as an important kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and main therapeutic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT), only have a half‐life of 40 ns and an effective radius of 20 nm, which cause significant obstacles for improving PDT efficacy. In this work, novel upconversion nanoparticle (UCN)‐based nanoplatforms are developed with a minimized distance between UCNs and a photosensitizer,...
In article number 1602053, Ke Tao, Guangdong Zhou, Kang Sun and co‐workers novel nanoplatforms for photodynamic therapy (PDT) are developed. By targeting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing nanoplatform at mitochondria sites a more significant enhancement of the photodynamic therapy efficacy is demonstated. The findings may provide a novel strategy for designing nanomedicines for PDT.
Imaging‐guided therapy systems (IGTSs) are revolutionary techniques used in cancer treatment due to their safety and efficiency. IGTSs should have tunable compositions for bioimaging, a suitable size and shape for biotransfer, sufficient channels and/or pores for drug loading, and intrinsic biocompatibility. Here, a biocompatible nanoscale zirconium‐porphyrin metal–organic framework (NPMOF)‐based...
The nanoplatform GNR‐ACPP‐PpIX (designated as GNR‐ACPI) is designed for dual image guided combined activatable photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). In GNR‐ACPI, gold nanorods (GNRs) are modified with a protoporphyrin (PpIX, a PDT agent) conjugated activatable cell penetrating peptide (ACPP), which consists of the matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) sensitive peptide sequence...
Simulated sunlight has promise as a light source able to alleviate the severe pain associated with patients during photodynamic therapy (PDT); however, low sunlight utilization efficiency of traditional photosensitizers dramatically limits its application. Titanium‐dioxide‐nanoparticle–gold‐nanocluster–graphene (TAG) heterogeneous nanocomposites are designed to efficiently utilize simulated sunlight...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on photosensitizers (PSs) constructed with nanomaterials has become popular in cancer treatment, especially oral carcinoma cell. This therapy is characterized by improved PS accumulation in tumor regions and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for PDT under specific excitation. In the selection of near‐infrared (NIR) window, 808 nm NIR light because it can...
In article number 1700038, Michael Hsiao, Ru‐Shi Liu, and co‐workers, report an 808 nm near‐infrared‐triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT) strategy using upconversion nanoparticle‐poly‐l‐lysine@graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (UCNP‐PLL@CNs) nanocomposites. The 808 nm UCNP‐PLL@CNs are expected to make PDT more humane, controllable, and low‐cost, which will inevitably lead to considerable improvements...
DNA‐mediated assembly of core–satellite structures composed of Zr(IV)‐based porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (MOF) and NaYF4,Yb,Er upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is reported. MOF NPs generate singlet oxygen (1O2) upon photoirradiation with visible light without the need for additional small molecule, diffusional photosensitizers such as porphyrins. Using DNA as...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) typically involves oxygen (O2) consumption and therefore suffers from greatly limited anticancer therapeutic efficacy in tumor hypoxia. Here, it is reported for the first time that amine‐terminated, PAMAM dendrimer‐encapsulated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs‐NH2) can produce O2 for PDT via their intrinsic catalase‐like activity. The AuNCs‐NH2 not only show optimum H2O2 consumption...
Tumor hypoxia severely limits the efficacy of traditional photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, a liposome‐based nanoparticle (designated as LipoMB/CaO2) with O2 self‐sufficient property for dual‐stage light‐driven PDT is demonstrated to address this problem. Through a short time irradiation, 1O2 activated by the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) can induce lipid peroxidation to break the liposome,...
Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is under the research spotlight as an appealing modality for various malignant tumors. Compared with conventional PDT treatment activated by ultraviolet or visible light, near infrared (NIR) light‐triggered PDT possessing deeper penetration to lesion area and lower photodamage to normal tissue holds great potential for in vivo deep‐seated tumor. In this review,...
The low reactive oxygen species production capability and the shallow tissue penetration of excited light (UV) are still two barriers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, Au cluster anchored black anatase TiO2−x nanotubes (abbreviated as Au25/B‐TiO2−x NTs) are synthesized by gaseous reduction of anatase TiO2 NTs and subsequent deposition of noble metal. The Au25/B‐TiO2−x NTs with thickness of about...
Black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials have emerged as rapidly rising stars in the field of nanomedicine. In this work, BP quantum dots (BPQDs) are synthesized and their potential as photosensitizers is investigated for the first time. The BPQDs present good stability in physiological medium and no appreciable cytotoxicity. More importantly, the BPQDs can be rapidly eliminated from the body in their...
In drug delivery, the poor tumor perfusion results in disappointing therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines for photodynamic therapy (PDT) greatly need deep tumor penetration due to short lifespan and weak diffusion of the cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). The damage of only shallow cells can easily cause invasiveness and metastasis. Moreover, even if the nanomedicines enter into deeper lesion,...
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