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Freestanding graphene membranes are unique materials. The combination of atomically thin dimensions, remarkable mechanical robustness, and chemical stability make porous and non‐porous graphene membranes attractive for water purification and various sensing applications. Nanopores in graphene and other 2D materials have been identified as promising devices for next‐generation DNA sequencing based...
In recent years, solid‐state smart nanopores/nanochannels for intelligent control of the transportation of ions and molecules as organisms have been extensively studied, because they hold great potential applications in molecular sieves, nanofluidics, energy conversion, and biosensors. To keep up with the fast development of this field, it is necessary to summarize the construction, characterization,...
In nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing (RPS) platforms, particles pass through a nanopore by an external electric field. If particles pass through the immiscible liquid‐liquid interface formed inside a pore, the effective volume is increased with conformal coating and the translocation speed is decreased by the interfacial tension of the interface. Therefore, both the resistive pulse signal and the...
Nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing (RPS) has been extensively used to measure the size, concentration, and surface charge of nanoparticles in electrically conducting solutions. Although various methods have been explored for improving detection performances, intrinsic problems including the extremely low particle‐to‐pore volume ratio (<0.01%) and fast nanoparticle translocation (10–1000 µs) still...
In article number 1700234, Yi‐Lun Ying, Yi‐Tao Long, and co‐workers, demonstrate that a well‐defined silver‐coated nanopore electrode acts as a “rocket” which can electrochemically manipulate silver ions diffused from the tiny opening of the nanopore. As a result, the confining electrochemical effect of the nanopore electrode guides the self‐assembly of AuNPs in the microscale highly homogeneously...
The self‐assembly of nanoparticles is a challenging process for organizing precise structures with complicated and ingenious structures. In the past decades, a simple, high‐efficiency, and reproducible self‐assembly method from nanoscale to microscale has been pursued because of the promising and extensive application prospects in bioanalysis, catalysis, photonics, and energy storage. However, microscale...
To achieve an excellent delivery effect of drug, stimuli‐responsive nano “gate” with physical blockage units is usually constructed on the surface of the mesoporous silica nanocarriers (MSNs). In nature, the aquaporins in cell membrane can control the transport of water molecules by regulating the channel wettability, which is resulted from the conformational change of amino acids in the channel....
Direct, low‐cost, label‐free, and enzyme‐free identification of single nucleobase is a great challenge for genomic studies. Here, this study reports that wild‐type aerolysin can directly identify the difference of four types of single nucleobase (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) in a free DNA oligomer while avoiding the operations of additional DNA immobilization, adapter incorporation, and...
Aerolysin‐based direct analysis of oligonucleotides with secondary structure (e.g., G‐quadruplex) remains a challenge. In article number 1704520, Yi‐Lun Ying, Yi‐Tao Long, and co‐workers present a strategy employing an aerolysin nanopore to analyze structured oligonucleotides that are extended to 30 bases in length by a cation‐regulation mechanism. This method can in principle be applied to genetic...
Current‐induced concentration polarization of nanoporous media is explored theoretically by using approach of local thermodynamic equilibrium within nanopore cross‐sections. The problem is solved in quadratures in terms of irreversible thermodynamics. The phenomenological coefficients are further specified by using capillary space‐charge model for straight slit‐like and cylindrical capillaries. This...
An aerolysin nanopore is employed as a sensitive tool for single‐molecule analysis of short oligonucleotides (≤10 nucleotides), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGs), peptides, and proteins. However, the direct analysis of long oligonucleotides with the secondary structure (e.g., G‐quadruplex topology) remains a challenge, which impedes the further practical applications of the aerolysin nanopore. Here, a...
The controlled functionalization of surfaces with proteins is crucial for many analytical methods in life science research and biomedical applications. Here, a coating for silica‐based surfaces is established which enables stable and selective immobilization of proteins with controlled orientation and tunable surface density. The coating is reusable, retains functionality upon long‐term storage in...
DNA folding is not desirable for solid‐state nanopore techniques when analyzing the interaction of a biomolecule with its specific binding sites on DNA since the signal derived from the binding site could be buried by a large signal from the folding of DNA nearby. To resolve the problems associated with DNA folding, ionic liquids (ILs), which are known to interact with DNA through charge–charge and...
Controlling the molecular interactions through protein nanopores is crucial for effectively detecting single molecules. Here, the development of a hetero‐oligomeric nanopore derived from Nocardia farcinica porin AB (NfpAB) is discussed for single‐molecule sensing of biopolymers. Using single‐channel recording, the interaction of cyclic oligosaccharides such as cationic cyclodextrins (CDs) of different...
Methods for reducing and directly controlling the speed of DNA through a nanopore are needed to enhance sensing performance for direct strand sequencing and detection/mapping of sequence‐specific features. A method is created for reducing and controlling the speed of DNA that uses two independently controllable nanopores operated with an active control logic. The pores are positioned sufficiently...
Solid‐state nanopores are a single‐molecule technique that can provide access to biomolecular information that is otherwise masked by ensemble averaging. A promising application uses pores and barcoding chemistries to map molecular motifs along single DNA molecules. Despite recent research breakthroughs, however, it remains challenging to overcome molecular noise to fully exploit single‐molecule data...
In article number 1906463 by Annette Andrieu‐Brunsen and co‐workers, three different functional units are grafted into a nanopore with precise local control. Gold deposition on silica inverse colloidal monolayers enables the use of orthogonal silane and thiol surface chemistry. The combination of surface chemistry and control of wetting state results in local placement of three different functional...
In the context of sensing and transport control, nanopores play an essential role. Designing multifunctional nanopores and placing multiple surface functionalities with nanoscale precision remains challenging. Interface effects together with a combination of different materials are used to obtain local multifunctionalization of nanoscale pores within a model pore system prepared by colloidal templating...
Understanding water behavior in confined volumes is important in applications ranging from water purification to healthcare devices. Especially relevant are wetting and dewetting phenomena which can be switched by external stimuli, such as light and electric fields. Here, these behaviors are exploited for electrochemical processing by voltage‐directed ion transport in nanochannels contained within...
Solid state nanopores are single‐molecular devices governed by nanoscale physics with a broad potential for technological applications. However, the control of translocation speed in these systems is still limited. Ionic liquids are molten salts which are commonly used as alternate solvents enabling the regulation of the chemical and physical interactions on solid–liquid interfaces. While their combination...
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