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Scaffolds functionalized with delivery systems for the release of growth factors is a robust strategy to enhance tissue regeneration. However, after implantation, macrophages infiltrate the scaffold, eventually initiating the degradation and clearance of the delivery systems. Herein, it is hypothesized that fully embedding the poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide acid) microspheres (MS) in a highly structured...
Avoiding the clearance of drug delivery systems from 3D scaffolds is crucial to preserve the bioactivity of their therapeutic payload. This is accomplished on page 1479, by E. Tasciotti and co‐workers, through a “concealing” strategy: cloaking PLGA microspheres with the type I collagen matrix of a biomimetic scaffold, which enables the control of the production of inflammatory mediators.
Micromaterials can be fabricated in a near infinite number of shapes, sizes, and chemical compositions. These micromaterials can subsequently be assembled into macro‐sized constructs using bottom‐up approaches as reviewed by A. Khademhosseini and co‐workers on page 2130. Each type of micromaterial can provide a unique micro‐environment to the (stem) cells. This can be leveraged to drive e.g., angiogenesis,...
Tissue engineering has the potential to revolutionize the health care industry. Delivering on this promise requires the generation of efficient, controllable and predictable implants. The integration of nano‐ and microtechnologies into macroscale regenerative biomaterials plays an essential role in the generation of such implants, by enabling spatiotemporal control of the cellular microenvironment...
Hepatocyte spheroids microencapsulated in hydrogels can contribute to liver research in various capacities. The conventional approach of microencapsulating spheroids produces a variable number of spheroids per microgel and requires an extra step of spheroid loading into the gel. Here, a microfluidics technology bypassing the step of spheroid loading and controlling the spheroid characteristics is...
Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable strength and toughness. Its excellent mechanical properties are related to its hierarchical structures and precise organization of the inorganic and organic phases at the nanoscale: Nanometer‐sized hydroxyapatite crystals periodically...
In article number 1602769, H. Yu, L. Liu, and co‐workers demonstrate a Tetris‐inspired approach to fabricate 3D heterogeneous microscale tissue from hydrogel building blocks. The investigated system combines optofluidic maskless lithography and optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP). The customized bio‐microstructures in Tetris shapes are dynamically synthesized using an optofluidic maskless lithography...
3D hydrogel microstructures that encapsulate cells have been used in broad applications in microscale tissue engineering, personalized drug screening, and regenerative medicine. Recent technological advances in microstructure assembly, such as bioprinting, magnetic assembly, microfluidics, and acoustics, have enabled the construction of designed 3D tissue structures with spatially organized cells...
Tendon and ligament (T/L) function is intrinsically related with their unique hierarchically and anisotropically organized extracellular matrix. Their natural healing capacity is, however, limited. Here, continuous and aligned electrospun nanofiber threads (CANT) based on synthetic/natural polymer blends mechanically reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals are produced to replicate the nanoscale collagen...
Cell printing has gained extensive attentions for the controlled fabrication of living cellular constructs in vitro. Various cell printing techniques are now being explored and developed for improved cell viability and printing resolution. Here an electro‐hydrodynamic cell printing strategy is developed with microscale resolution (<100 µm) and high cellular viability (>95%). Unlike the existing...
In native tissues, cellular organization is predominantly anisotropic. Yet, it remains a challenge to engineer anisotropic scaffolds that promote anisotropic cellular organization at macroscopic length scales. To overcome this challenge, an innovative, cheap and easy method to align clinically approved non‐woven surgical microfibrillar scaffolds is presented. The method involves a three‐step process...
In article number 1702650, Vahid Hosseini, Viola Vogel, and co‐workers present an innovative and cheap method to align 3D fibrillar scaffolds for surgical and tissue‐engineering applications. This easy to scale‐up method enables the creation of an aligned and highly porous 3D network of fibers with interconnected pores that are suitable for cell infiltration and alignment, both in vivo and in vitro...
The degradation of intervertebral discs (IVD), a typical hierarchical structured tissue, causes serious neck and back pain. The current methods cannot fully reconstitute the unique structure and function of native IVD. In this study, by reverse reconstruction of the structure of native IVD and bioprinting bacterial cellulose (BC) nanofibers with a high‐throughput optimized micropattern screening microchip,...
The electrohydrodynamic stabilization of direct‐written fluid jets is explored to design and manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds based on their desired fiber dimensions. It is demonstrated that melt electrowriting can fabricate a full spectrum of various fibers with discrete diameters (2–50 µm) using a single nozzle. This change in fiber diameter is digitally controlled by combining the mass...
Growth factors are potent stimuli for regulating cell function in tissue engineering strategies, but spatially patterning their presentation in 3D in a facile manner using a single material is challenging. Micropatterning is an attractive tool to modulate the cellular microenvironment with various biochemical and physical cues and study their effects on stem cell behaviors. Implementing heparin's...
Here, a spotlight is shown on aqueous microgel particles which exhibit a great potential for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tissue engineering. Herein, different synthetic methods to develop microgels with desirable functionality and properties along with degradable strategies to ensure their renal clearance are briefly presented. A special focus is given...
For muscle regeneration, a uniaxially arranged micropattern is important to mimic the structure of the natural extracellular matrix. Recently, cell electrospinning (CE) has been tested to fabricate cell‐laden fibrous structures by embedding cells directly into micro/nanofibers. Although homogenous cell distribution and a reasonable cell viability of the cell‐laden fibrous structure fabricated using...
As a powerful strategy to determine cell fate, cell electrospinning has emerged as a method to encapsulate cells directly into micro/nanofibers. In article number 1803491, Miji Yeo and Geun Hyung Kim develop a cell electrospinning method with a simple modification to generate aligned cell‐laden micro/nanofibers, which achieve not only homogeneous cell distribution with a high cell viability, but also...
Low‐concentration gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) has excellent biocompatibility to cell‐laden structures. However, it is still a big challenge to stably fabricate organoids (even microdroplets) using this material due to its extremely low viscosity. Here, a promising electro‐assisted bioprinting method is developed, which can print low‐concentration pure GelMA microdroplets with low cost, low cell damage,...
Artificial skin devices are able to mimic the flexibility and sensory perception abilities of the skin. They have thus garnered attention in the biomedical field as potential skin replacements. This Review delves into issues pertaining to these skin‐deep devices. It first elaborates on the roles that these devices have to fulfill as skin replacements, and identify strategies that are used to achieve...
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