Background
The performance of robotic end‐effector movements can reflect the user's operation skill difference in robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery. This study quantified the trade‐off of speed–accuracy–stability by kinematic analysis of robotic end‐effector movements to assess the motion control skill of users with different levels of experience.
Methods
Using ‘MicroHand S’ system, 10 experts, 10 residents and 10 novices performed single‐hand test and bimanual coordination test. Eight metrics based on the movements of robotic end‐effectors were applied to evaluate the users' performance.
Results
In the single‐hand test, experts outperformed other groups except for movement speed; in the bimanual coordination test, experts also performed better except for movement time and movement speed. No statistically significant difference in performance was found between residents and novices.
Conclusions
The kinematic differences obtained from the movements of robotic end‐effectors can be applied to assess the motion control skill of users with different skill levels.