The incorporation of bioactive β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) into poly (ε‐polycaprolactone) (PCL) originates a composite biomaterial with required properties for a variety of biomedical application. We manufactured bioactive composites of PCL/TCP by melt compounding and assessed their rheological, structural, and thermal behavior, envisioning the use of the composites as filaments for additive manufacturing via fused filament fabrication (FFF). Biocomposites of PCL with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of TCP presented similar thermal stability, crystallinity, molecular weight, and rheological behavior of neat PCL, while the addition of 25 wt% TCP leads to the formation of TCP agglomerates and increased viscosity. These results show that low concentrations of TCP in the PCL matrix make it more suitable for FFF since no change in the printing process is required. PCL/TCP filaments were fabricated by a twin‐screw extruder and used to print scaffolds using FFF. The possibility to design scaffolds with specific size, geometry, and porosity enables the application of diverse types of tissue engineering. Herein, we demonstrated the feasibility of the fabrication of 3D printed PCL/TCP scaffolds for bone regeneration with improved mechanical properties and controlled geometry.