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Phenotypic plasticity in prey can have a dramatic impact on predator–prey dynamics, e.g. by inducible defense against temporally varying levels of predation. Previous work has overwhelmingly shown that this effect is stabilizing: inducible defenses dampen the amplitudes of population oscillations or eliminate them altogether. However, such studies have neglected scenarios where being protected against...
Prey often reduce predation risk at the cost of lower resource intake. The cumulative effects of such tradeoffs can alter resource allocation, demography and evolutionary processes. We show how the accumulation of risk effects reduces the growth rate of wild North American porcupines Erethizon dorsatum, and simulate three evolutionary responses related to lifetime reproductive success. Individual...
In inverted biomass pyramids (IBPs) prey are outnumbered by their predators when measured by biomass. We investigate how prey should behave in the face of danger from higher predator biomass, and how anti‐predator behavior (in the form of vigilance) can, in turn, affect the predator–prey system. In this study, we incorporate anti‐predator behaviors into a Lotka–Volterra predator–prey model in the...
Despite considerable study of population cycles, the striking variability of cycle periods in many cyclic populations has received relatively little attention. Mathematical models of cyclic population dynamics have historically exhibited much greater regularity in cycle periods than many real populations, even when accounting for environmental stochasticity. We contend, however, that the recent focus...
Well‐established ecological equations such as logistic growth may carry implicit assumptions that are not immediately obvious. When such equations are adapted for a different context, missing awareness of their hidden assumptions can confound our conclusions. We demonstrate how this has happened in predator–prey models with rapid adaptation of prey defense to variable predation risk, where costs of...
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