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The island species–area relationship (ISAR) describes how the numbers of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island‐like habitat, such as lakes), and is one of the oldest laws in ecology. Despite its conceptual importance, there remains a great deal of ambiguity regarding the ISAR and its underlying processes. We compiled data from sampled zooplankton assemblages from several hundred...
Ecosystem engineering can control the spatial and temporal distribution of resources and movement by engineering organisms within an ecosystem can mobilize resources across boundaries and distribute engineering effects. Movement patterns of fishes can cause physical changes to aquatic habitats though nesting or feeding, both of which often vary in space and time. Here we present evidence of ecosystem...
Maintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co‐evolutionary theories such as the Red Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in human reproductive systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity...
Spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems can result from animal‐driven top–down processes, but despite some theoretical attention, the emergence of spatial heterogeneity from feedbacks caused by animals is not well understood empirically. Interactions between predators and prey influence animal movement and associated nutrient transport and release, generating spatial heterogeneity that cascades...
Shannon's information (H) has two meanings: information and surprise (Shannon's original term.) This terminology characterizes the dual nature of H: 1) a reduction in uncertainty, and 2) heterogeneity, the enabler of surprise, for there is no information in a heterogeneity continuously homogeneous world. Embracing the dual nature of information/heterogeneity produces common ground between behavioral...
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