Obesity
ObjectiveThis study details 6‐ and 12‐month cardio‐metabolic outcomes of an intense 12‐week workplace lifestyle intervention program, the My Unlimited Potential (MyUP), conducted in a large healthcare organization.
MethodsThis study was conducted among 230 employees of Baptist Health South Florida with high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Employees were considered at high risk and eligible for...
ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that obesity is associated with impaired cognitive outcomes in the pre‐school years.
MethodsAssociations were examined between weight status at age 3‐5 years and cognitive performance at age 5 years. Cognitive outcome measures were tests of pattern construction (visuospatial skills), naming vocabulary (expressive language skills), and picture similarity (reasoning...
ObjectiveEvidence is lacking regarding effective weight control treatments in pregnancy for ethnic minority women with obesity. This study evaluated whether a technology‐based behavioral intervention could decrease the proportion of African American women with overweight or obesity who exceeded Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for gestational weight gain.
MethodsWe conducted a two‐arm pilot...
ObjectiveT cell inflammation plays pivotal roles in obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of T cell inflammation in humans remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM‐associated inflammation.
MethodsMultiplex...
ObjectiveTo examine relationships between prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and adiposity in children born to women who lived downstream from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant.
MethodsData are from a prospective cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio (HOME Study). Perfluorooctanoic (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), perfluorononanoic (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic (PFHxS) acids...
ObjectivePhentermine is thought to cause weight loss through a reduction in hunger. It was hypothesized that higher hunger ratings would predict greater weight loss with phentermine.
MethodsThis is an observational pilot study in which all subjects were treated with phentermine for 8 weeks and appetite and eating behaviors were measured at baseline and week 8. Outcomes were compared in subjects with...
ObjectiveSimplification of diets, low in variety but high in energy, contributes to the loss in diversity observed in the obese gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. A novel GI microbiome modulator (GIMM) as a dietary intervention was developed.
MethodsMice were fed either an obesogenic diet (ObD) or an ObD containing 15% activated soy pod fiber (ObD‐ASPF) for 30 days. The diets were isocaloric and balanced...
ObjectiveTo examine combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) in a sample of young men.
MethodsParticipants were 557 men aged 19‐47 years. CRF was quantified as peak oxygen uptake measured during an incremental treadmill test by a metabolic cart, while a composite MF score was calculated as the sum of z‐scores from a push‐ups...
ObjectiveAt the cellular level, how excess adiposity promotes atherogenesis is not fully understood. One pathway involves secretion of adipokines that stimulate endothelial dysfunction through increased expression of adhesion molecules. However, the relationship of adiposity to adhesion molecules that promote atherosclerosis is largely unknown.
MethodsLinear regression models were used to assess...
ObjectiveWhile it is well established that adipose tissue‐derived inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity with metabolic dysfunction, the inflammatory mediators involved have not been fully elucidated. Here, we explored IL‐12 family cytokines with a focus on IL‐27 during obesity‐induced inflammation in mice and cultured adipocytes (ADs) following exposure...
ObjectiveAn intimate association exists between oxidative stress and inflammation. Because adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is intricately linked to metabolic disorders, it was hypothesized that reducing oxidative stress would be effective in ameliorating AT inflammation in obesity.
MethodsWild‐type mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HF) for 8 weeks followed by a 2‐week treatment with nanoformulated...
ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which an obesity prevention intervention that embeds obesity‐related messages within a parenting program, compared with controls who received weekly mailings, resulted in a smaller increase in children's BMI (primary outcome) and improvements in weight‐related behaviors from baseline to 9‐month follow‐up.
MethodsFifty‐six families were randomly assigned to the intervention...
ObjectiveBariatric surgery results in significant weight loss in the majority of patients. Improvement in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is an equally important outcome; however, there are few studies reporting long‐term (≥5 years) HRQoL outcomes. This study assesses the quality of evidence and effectiveness of surgery on HRQoL ≥ 5 years.
MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Review, EmBase, CINANL, PsycInfo,...
ObjectiveSleep curtailment has been linked to obesity, but underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study assessed whether sleep restriction alters 24‐h profiles of appetite‐regulating hormones ghrelin, leptin, and pancreatic polypeptide during a standardized diet and whether these hormonal alterations predict food intake during ad libitum feeding.
MethodsNineteen healthy, lean men were...
ObjectiveHigh‐protein diets are being promoted to reduce insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the effect of protein source in high‐protein diets on reducing insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis was examined.
MethodsFa/fa Zucker rats were provided normal‐protein (15% of energy) casein, high‐protein (35% of energy) casein, high‐protein soy, or high‐protein...
ObjectiveTo examine associations of chronic insufficient sleep with diet and whether diet explains the sleep‐adiposity relationship.
MethodsIn Project Viva, 1,046 parents reported children's sleep duration at 6 m and annually until midchildhood (7 y). The main exposure was a sleep curtailment score (6 m‐7 y) ranging from 0 (maximal curtailment) to 13 (adequate sleep). In mid‐childhood, parents reported...
ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that untreated partners of pregnant women receiving a prenatal lifestyle intervention (vs. standard care) would lose more weight during pregnancy and postpartum.
MethodsFit for Delivery was a study of 401 pregnant women with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) and normal weight (NW) randomized to prenatal lifestyle intervention or standard care. Mother's self‐report of partners’...
ObjectiveAdolescent overweight and obesity and smoking continue to be very important health challenges because of their lasting effects on overall health. Weight gain after smoking cessation is a barrier to quitting as well as a negative consequence to health. This study reports changes in the body mass index (BMI) z‐scores of adolescent smokers participating in a dose‐ranging clinical trial of bupropion...