Obesity
ObjectiveMethanogens colonizing the human gut produce methane and influence host metabolism. This study examined metabolic parameters in methane‐producing subjects before and after antibiotic treatment.
MethodsEleven prediabetic methane‐positive subjects (9F, 2M) with obesity (BMI 35.17 ± 7.71 kg/m2) aged 47 ± 9 years were recruited. Subjects underwent breath testing, symptom questionnaire, oral...
ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the gene–environment interaction of physical activity and body mass index (BMI) using the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR).
MethodsA total of 19,308 same‐sex adult twins from CNTR were included in the analysis. Twin zygosity was determined by self‐reported questionnaire. Height and weight were measured using self‐reported questionnaire. The vigorous physical...
ObjectiveEnhanced serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) activity contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. This study evaluated SGK1 modulation in vascular smooth muscle cells by the adipokine resistin and in aortic tissue in a murine model of diet‐induced obesity (DIO).
MethodsModulation of SGK1 by resistin was assessed in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) in vitro...
ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between adverse family experiences (AFEs) during childhood and adolescent obesity and to determine populations at highest risk for AFEs.
MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was performed of the 2011‐2012 National Survey of Children's Health, including children aged 10‐17 years. Weighted estimates of 31,258,575 children were based on interviews with 42,239 caregivers...
ObjectiveInteractions between pre‐existing differences in mesolimbic function and neuroadaptations induced by consumption of fatty, sugary foods are thought to contribute to human obesity. This study examined basal and cocaine‐induced changes in striatal neurotransmitter levels without diet manipulation and D2/D3 dopamine receptor‐mediated transmission prior to and after consumption of “junk‐foods”...
ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a school‐based multicomponent educational program could improve adiposity measures in middle‐school adolescents.
MethodsA non‐randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in six state middle schools (487 adolescents, 11‐15 years) in townships in an urban area around Milan, three schools (n = 262 adolescents) being assigned to the intervention group and three schools...
ObjectivePrepregnant weight gain increases risk of obstetric complications, but its effect on preterm delivery is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between change in body mass index (BMI) from first to second pregnancies and risk of preterm delivery in the second pregnancy according to the type and severity of preterm delivery.
MethodsA nationwide cohort study was conducted...
ObjectiveTo determine the risk of mortality associated with and quantify the deaths attributable to combinations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).
MethodsThis study included 41,439 participants. For the hazard ratio (HR) calculation, adiposity categories were defined as: BMIN/WCN, BMIN/WCO, BMIO/WCN, and BMIO/WCO (N = non‐obese, O = obese). For the population attributable fraction...
ObjectiveThe therapeutic potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) is reduced by various stress‐inducing conditions that affect tissue homeostasis such as diabetes, aging, and obesity. Previous works have provided evidence of negative effects of obesity on ASC populations, but it is unclear whether this persists after a weight loss. This study evaluated whether weight loss can restore the attenuated...
ObjectiveTo study the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and annual relative change in anthropometric markers in the general German adult population.
MethodsLongitudinal data of 56,556 participants aged 18–83 years from seven population‐based German cohort studies (CARLA, SHIP, KORA, DEGS, EPIC‐Heidelberg, EPIC‐Potsdam, PopGen) were analyzed by meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model...
ObjectiveTo analyze sources of racial and gender disparities in adolescent obesity prevalence in the United States using Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition.
MethodsData were obtained from the National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, a 2010 nationally representative study of 9th‐12th grade students. Obesity status was determined from objective height and weight data; weight‐related behaviors...