Obesity
Objective
Skeletal muscle fat infiltration (known as myosteatosis) is greater in African compared with European ancestry men and may play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, prospective studies examining the magnitude of changes in myosteatosis with aging and their metabolic consequences are sparse.
Methods
Longitudinal changes in peripheral quantitative computed...
Objective
Only a few studies have used objective measurements to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and obesity. These studies showed controversial results.
Methods
Sleep efficiency was measured by Actiwatch 2 in 132 healthy students (age 23.3 ± 3.7 years, BMI 23.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) for 12 ± 3 nights, differentiating between work and free days. Physical activity, dietary habits, and...
Objective
Dietary fructose is implicated in metabolic syndrome, but intervention studies are confounded by positive caloric balance, changes in adiposity, or artifactually high amounts. This study determined whether isocaloric substitution of starch for sugar would improve metabolic parameters in Latino (n = 27) and African‐American (n = 16) children with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Methods...
Objective
This study aimed to examine the associations of longitudinal adiposity measures with two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, and their ratio in children and adolescents.
Methods
A total of 953 children and adolescents participated in a 6‐year longitudinal study. Body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), and fat mass index (FMI) were used to assess adiposity status.
Results
After...
Objective
Assessment of the joint and independent relationships of gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) on risk of infant mortality was performed.
Methods
This study used Pennsylvania linked birth‐infant death records (2003‐2011) from infants without anomalies born to mothers with prepregnancy BMI categorized as underweight (n = 58,973), normal weight (n = 610,118), overweight...
Objective
To examine the associations of infant subcutaneous fat with cardiovascular risk factors at school‐age.
Methods
In a population‐based prospective cohort study among 808 children, total subcutaneous fat (sum of biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, and subscapular skinfold thicknesses) and central‐to‐total subcutaneous fat ratio (sum of suprailiacal and subscapular skinfold thicknesses/total subcutaneous...
Objective
To investigate the effect of rate of weight loss, with similar total weight loss, on weight regain in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Methods
Fifty‐seven participants (BMI: 28‐35 kg/m2) underwent a dietary intervention (DI). They were randomized to a low‐calorie diet (LCD; 1250 kcal/day) for 12 weeks (slow weight loss) or a very‐low‐calorie diet (VLCD; 500 kcal/day) for 5 weeks...
Objective
To examine the relationship between gender expression (GE) and BMI in adolescence.
Methods
Repeated measures of weight‐related behaviors and BMI were collected from 1996 to 2011 via annual/biennial self‐report surveys from youth aged 10 to 23 years (6,693 females, 2,978 males) in the longitudinal Growing Up Today Study. GE (very conforming [referent], mostly conforming, nonconforming)...
Objective
Weight gain is associated with fat volume increases, but associations with fat quality are less well characterized The associations of weight change with visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume and attenuation were investigated.
Methods
Computed tomography abdominal scans were acquired on a Framingham Heart Study subset (N = 836; 40.2% women; mean age...
Objective: Circulating and adipose tissue markers of iron overload are increased in subjects with obesity. The aim is to study iron signals in adipose tissue.
Methods: Adipose tissue R2* values and hepatic iron concentration (HIC) were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23 middle‐aged subjects with obesity and 20 subjects without obesity.
Results: Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose...
Objective
To introduce a lower‐risk novel surgical procedure to achieve diabetes reversal along with associated hormonal changes.
Methods
Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to jejunum–ileum circuit (JIC), sham‐JIC, ileal interposition (IT), and sham‐IT groups. The JIC group included two subgroups: short (JIC‐S) and long (JIC‐L), based on the length between anastomosis and Treitz ligament (LAT...
Objective
Aim is to predict successful weight loss by metabolic signatures at baseline and to identify which differences in metabolic status may underlie variations in weight loss success.
Methods
In DiOGenes, a randomized, controlled trial, weight loss was induced using a low‐calorie diet (800 kcal) for 8 weeks. Men (N = 236) and women (N = 431) as well as groups with overweight/obesity and morbid...
Objective
Previous reports have indicated that Ahnak‐deficient mice were protected from high‐fat diet‐induced obesity. However, the molecular mechanism in which Ahnak mediates adipocyte differentiation and high‐fat diet‐induced obesity is unclear.
Methods
Adipocytes from Ahnak knockout (Ahnak−/−) mice and knockdown of Ahnak in C3H10T1/2 were used to investigate the function of Ahnak in adipocyte...
Objective
Individuals with obesity may be less sensitive to the taste of fat, and it is hypothesized that this is due to excess dietary fat intake. This study assessed the effect of a 6‐week low‐fat (LF) or portion control (PC) diet matched for weight loss on fat taste thresholds, fat perception, and preference in people with overweight/obesity.
Methods
Participants (n = 53) completed a randomized...
Objectives
To examine the association between weight loss behaviors and motivations for weight loss in children and adolescents and the association of weight status with these behaviors and motivations in a nationally representative sample.
Methods
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was examined, focusing on children in the United States aged 8‐15 years, in...
Objective
The adipose renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) has been linked to obesity‐induced inflammation, though mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, adipose‐specific angiotensinogen knockout mice (Agt‐KO) were generated to determine whether Agt inactivation reduces inflammation and alters the metabolic profile of the Agt‐KO mice compared to wild‐type (WT) littermates.
Methods
Adipose...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the shared molecular pathways of obesity and cancer by exploring the role of RIZ1 in obesity and the phospatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/V‐Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (PKB) (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
Methods
Male wild type (WT) and Riz1−/− mice (KO) were fed a standard diet (STD) or a high‐fat (HF) diet...