Obesity
ObjectivePrecision medicine utilizes genomic and other data to optimize and personalize treatment. Although more than 2,500 genetic tests are currently available, largely for extreme and/or rare phenotypes, the question remains whether this approach can be used for the treatment of common, complex conditions like obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which underlie a host of metabolic diseases...
ObjectiveTo implement a randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a weight loss program delivered using synchronous distance education compared with a wait‐list control group with 6‐month follow‐up.
MethodsAdults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 were randomized to the intervention (n = 42) or wait‐list control group (n = 38). The intervention group participated in a synchronous, online, 15‐week...
ObjectiveTo present percent body fat (PBF) charts based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) which can supplement current public health guidelines for obesity.
MethodsBased on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III for 18‐ to 65‐year‐olds, a semi‐parametric spline approach was utilized, in which no specific functional forms for BMI and WC are...
ObjectiveTo evaluate fetal epicardial fat thickness (EFT) in diabetic and control pregnancies.
MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed in which fetal EFT was measured in the second trimester in 28 diabetics and 28 non‐diabetic patients. Maternal BMI, estimated fetal weight, birth weight, fetal abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat thickness were also collected. Statistical...
ObjectiveInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) regulates differentiation and growth of tissues and reduces stress and injury. IGF1 also in a tissue‐specific manner modulates the differentiation and lipid storage capacity of adipocytes in vitro, but its roles in adipose tissue development and response to stress are not known.
MethodsTo study IGF1 in vivo, the cellular sources of adipose tissue Igf1...
ObjectiveTo investigate CISD1 mRNA and protein in human adipose tissue in association with obesity and adipogenesis.
MethodsSubcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue CISD1 gene expression (real‐time PCR) and protein (Western blot) levels were investigated in human adipose tissue and during human adipocyte differentiation.
ResultsSAT and VAT CISD1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly...
ObjectiveTo test for differential weight loss response to low‐fat (LF) vs. low‐carbohydrate (LC) diets by insulin resistance status with emphasis on overall quality of both diets.
MethodsSixty‐one adults, BMI 28‐40 kg/m2, were randomized in a 2 × 2 design to LF or LC by insulin resistance status in this pilot study. Primary outcome was 6‐month weight change. Participants were characterized as more...
ObjectiveThis study examined whether changes in adipocyte long chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake kinetics explain the weight regain increasingly observed following bariatric surgery.
MethodsThree groups (10 patients each) were studied: patients without obesity (NO: BMI 24.2 ± 2.3 kg m−2); patients with obesity (O: BMI 49.8 ± 11.9); and patients classified as super‐obese (SO: BMI 62.6 ± 2.8). NO patients...
ObjectiveTo examine the association between maternal weight at <17 weeks gestation and maternal and infant outcomes of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in pregnant Ghanaian women.
MethodsA prospective cohort study of 1,000 women in Accra, Ghana (2012‐2014), was conducted. Women were classified as having overweight (BMI 25‐30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30), and their obstetric and infant...
ObjectiveBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly metabolic tissue that generates heat and is negatively associated with obesity. BAT has been proposed to mediate both cold‐induced thermogenesis (CIT) and diet‐induced thermogenesis (DIT). Therefore, it was investigated whether there is a relationship between CIT and DIT in humans.
MethodsNine healthy men (23 ± 3 years old, 23.0 ± 1.8 kg m−2) completed...
ObjectiveIndependent previous studies in both rodents and humans suggest a role of developmental genes in the origin of obesity and body fat distribution. Here, the hypothesis that human adipose tissue (AT) expression of the developmental genes homeobox transcription factors C9 (HOXC9) and C10 (HOXC10) is fat depot‐specific and related to obesity‐related traits was tested.
MethodsIn 636 individuals,...
Objective
The current review summarizes recent advances in the origin of brown adipocytes in rodents and humans.
Methods
This review describes recent insights into induction of the brown adipocyte phenotype (BAP) in white fat (WAT) revealed by murine studies during the early postnatal period and reversible temperature transitions. The origin of adipocytes and identity of progenitors as indicated...