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It has been estimated that, by 2030, nearly 80% of adults in the United States will have pre‐obesity or obesity. Despite the continued rise in obesity prevalence and the difficulty for many affected patients to lose weight and maintain lost weight, the use of guideline‐supported treatments, including pharmacotherapy, intensive behavioral counseling, and bariatric surgery, remains low. There are many...
Objective
This study aimed to determine which bariatric procedure allows patients to obtain the best weight‐loss outcomes and a remission of type 2 diabetes.
Methods
Databases were searched for randomized‐controlled trials comparing Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or one‐anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The mean difference (MD) or the relative risk was determined...
Objective
This study assessed the impact of a history of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on the clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and severe obesity hospitalized for COVID‐19.
Methods
In this post hoc analysis from the nationwide observational CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, patients with T2D and a history of MBS were matched with patients...
Objective
Studies on obesity costs have focused on global costs of people with obesity but scarcely investigated their precise use of health care. The aim of this study is to document real‐life health care use across obesity classes.
Methods
Data of participants with obesity and enrolled in the CONSTANCES cohort were analyzed. Health care use was defined as ≥1 visit to general practitioners, specialists,...
Objective
Studies that used an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) have suggested that race is an important modulator of insulin sensitivity, β‐cell function, and insulin clearance. However, the validity of the IVGTT has been challenged.
Methods
This study assessed insulin sensitivity and insulin kinetics in non‐Hispanic White (NHW, n = 29) and African American (AA, n = 14) people with obesity...
Objective
The excess of visceral adipose tissue might hinder and delay immune response. How people with abdominal obesity (AO) will respond to mRNA vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2 is yet to be established. SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibody responses were evaluated after the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, comparing the response of individuals with AO with the response of those without,...
Objective
Weight change is a dynamic function of whole‐body energy balance resulting from the interplay between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE). Recent reports have provided evidence for the existence of a causal effect of EE on energy intake, suggesting that increased EE may drive overeating, thereby promoting future weight gain. This study investigated the relationships between ad libitum...
Objective
The aim of this study was to examine modifiable mediators for socioeconomic disparities in childhood obesity in the United States.
Methods
This study used the data of 1,211 mother‐child dyads from a US national birth cohort from pregnancy to 6 years post partum. Socioeconomic status was indicated by maternal education (college graduate vs. less) and family income (>185% vs. ≤185% of...
Objective
This study aimed to identify major themes of a large cohort experiencing long‐term weight‐loss maintenance who answered open‐ended questions about weight‐loss triggers, current motivations, strategies, and experiences.
Methods
Machine learning and topic modeling were used to analyze responses to six open‐ended questions among 6,139 WW International, Inc., (formerly Weight Watchers) members...
Objective
Overweight and obesity have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID‐19; however, prospective cohort studies investigating the association between overweight early in life and severity of COVID‐19 are lacking.
Methods
This study included 1,551,670 Swedish men, born between 1950 and 1987, with BMI registered at age 18 years. They were followed until January 9, 2021. COVID‐19 cases...
Objective
This study examined the effects of miR‐122–enriched exosomes on the expression of vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and sterol regulatory element‐binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and their roles during adipogenesis.
Methods
The roles of miR‐122, SREBF1, and VDR were investigated during adipogenesis. The relationships between VDR and miR‐122 or SREBF1 were assessed by dual‐luciferase reporter...
Objective
Fidgeting, a type of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), has substantial thermogenic potential. This research aims to examine secular trends in SPA and energy expenditure (EE) inside a respiratory chamber.
Methods
From 1985 to 2005, healthy adults (n = 678; mean age: 28.8 years; men: 60%; 522 Indigenous American, 129 White, and 27 Black) had a 24‐hour stay in the respiratory chamber...
Breast cancer is the most common and second deadliest malignancy in women. With rising obesity rates and building evidence for a strong association with obesity, the incidence of breast cancer can be expected to increase. Weight loss reduces breast cancer risk, the mechanisms of which are still poorly understood. As an effective therapy for obesity, bariatric surgery may be a powerful tool in breast...
Objective
Previously reported data regarding growth parameters in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are inconsistent. A longitudinal analysis of height and BMI in a large number of individuals with FXS was conducted.
Methods
Age‐ and sex‐specific z scores for height and BMI of 1,223 individuals with FXS were calculated based on published normative data. Mixed‐effect linear regression models...
Objective
A mother–child dyad trajectory model of weight and body composition spanning from conception to adolescence was developed to understand how early life exposures shape childhood body composition.
Methods
African American (49.3%) and Dominican (50.7%) pregnant mothers (n = 337) were enrolled during pregnancy, and their children (47.5% female) were followed from ages 5 to 14. Gestational...
Objective
This study tested the efficacy of a lower‐burden, simplified dietary self‐monitoring approach compared with a standard calorie monitoring approach for self‐monitoring adherence and weight loss in a mobile‐delivered behavioral weight loss intervention.
Methods
Participants (n = 72) with overweight or obesity who had children 2 to 12 years of age living in the home were randomly assigned...
Objective
Associations of obesity with cardiovascular disease may originate in childhood. This study examined critical periods for BMI in relation to arterial health at school age.
Methods
Among 4,731 children from a prospective cohort study, associations of infant peak weight velocity, both age and BMI at adiposity peak, and BMI trajectories with carotid artery intima‐media thickness and carotid...