Contractile patterns in the small intestine and colon serve the functions of each organ. Motor function in the small intestine and colon is controlled by smooth muscle cells, neurons, interstitial cells of cajal (ICCs), and supporting tissues. Propagation of small intestinal myoelectric and motor activity is regulated by intrinsic coupling in both smooth muscle layers. Several stereotypical motor patterns that control propulsion in the small intestine and colon under physiological and pathophysiological conditions have been characterized. The small intestine and colon participate in several nerve‐mediated reflex responses locally, within the organs themselves, as well as in more distant regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Stimulation of the small intestine and colon elicits additional reflex responses in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Interactions between cytokines and neurohumoral pathways underlie many of the modulatory effects of the immune system on motor function in the small intestine and colon.