A taxonomic revision of four species of Isodon (I. alborubrus, I. lungshengensis, I. rubescens and I. scrophularioides) from China is presented. Isodon alborubrus, previously regarded as conspecific with I. sculponeatus, is resurrected as a distinct species. Seven synonyms are newly proposed: I. gibbosus as a synonym of I. lungshengensis, I. henryi, Rabdosia rubescens var. rubescens f. lushanensis, R. rubescens var. taihangensis, R. rubescens var. lushiensis and I. rubescens var. eglandulosus of I. rubescens var. rubescens, and R. megathyrsoides of I. scrophularioides. Information about nomenclature, description, phenology, distribution and habitat, taxonomic notes as well as specimens examined is provided for each species.