This chapter presents the magnitude of fraud that is spread throughout various companies such as research, academic institutions, government agencies, etc. One of the key reasons for the astounding breadth and depth of the fraud problem is that management often operates under the false impression that its organization is immune to fraud. More precisely, top executives like to think that because they have complied with rules and laws requiring them to put internal controls in place; white‐collar criminals adequately protect them against attacks. In reality, no organization—no matter how well‐designed its internal controls against fraud are—can ever be fully protected against determined fraudsters. The bad guys always find loopholes or weaknesses in one's operations that they can exploit to steal cash, forge checks, collude with vendors, falsify financial reports, steal confidential data, or commit any of a million other crimes that cause either financial or reputational damage or both.