From 1988 to 2008, the volume on the Nasdaq grew from an average 123.3 million shares a day to 2.7 billion shares. In these 20 years, the average number of trades in Nasdaq went from two trades a second to 410. Great leaps forward in technology enabled the Nasdaq and all the other exchanges to accommodate the growing torrents of trading. However, in addition to increased and widespread stock ownership, technology is also part of the problem. Those same advances also contribute to both the amount and the velocity of share volume. Algorithmic trading, for example, essentially uses computers to decide to initiate orders based on information that is received electronically, long before human traders are capable of being aware of the information, much less comprehending it. This chapter addresses how much cost benefits have been achieved in the markets through technology and adaptability.