Cross‐cutting concerns are those concerns that are relevant across different levels, layers, and perspectives of the architecture. This chapter discusses some of the major ones. Finally, trade studies and budgets are discussed as a means of handling cross‐cutting concerns. Often nonfunctional requirements are cross‐cutting concerns, because many parts of the system can spoil satisfying them. The reaction speed of a system can be spoiled by both a poor‐layered architecture and an unsatisfactory product architecture. Humans can be either part of a system or outside the system. In both cases, the human system interaction has to be considered. Human factors engineering ensures that people will be able to use a system properly, and also caring about their safety. Risks are cross‐cutting concerns, because the system and each system element down to parts can cause risks.