Testicular germ cell tumours (GCT) represent the most common solid malignancy of young men aged between 15 and 40 years. Histopathologically, testicular GCT are divided into two major groups: pure seminoma and non‐seminoma. The pathogenesis of GCT still remains largely unknown. In cases of GCT suspicion, a surgical exploration for histopathology, in most cases orchiectomy, is obligatory. After completion of diagnostic procedures, levels of serum tumour markers and the clinical stage should be defined. Patients with early‐stage GCT are treated by individualized risk stratification within a multidisciplinary approach. The individual management has to be balanced according to clinical features and the risk of short‐ and long‐term toxic effects. The treatment for metastatic tumours is based on risk stratification according to IGCCCG and is performed with cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy and residual tumour resection in cases of residual tumour lesion. High‐dose chemotherapy represents a curative option for patients with first or subsequent relapses.