This chapter presents an overview of the research on work stress literature: the hours invested by people in their paid employment. It discusses some of the more salient contributors to the relationship between work hours and well‐being (both physical and psychological). The chapter begins with a general discussion of the meaning of “long” work hours. An overview of the literature on long working hours and physical health and psychological well‐being follows. The chapter talks about some specific issues that are related to working long hours using the using the Mindfulness Awareness and Attention Scale (MAAS). It highlights that there is consistent evidence that longer hours of work are associated with several physical health risks and problems, although these may be offset by other factors (buffering variables) which can alleviate the negative impact of long work hours. The Job Demands‐Control model describes the impact of work demands on stress.