This chapter illustrates how forensic sciences are organised and applied in Italy. It provides a brief overview of how the legal framework in which forensic sciences are inserted functions and then goes on to illustrate the complex world of forensic science activity in Italy, divided between the Polizie Scientifiche of the Carabinieri, of the Polizia di Stato and of universities. Services, organisation, training and scientific activity are among the aspects dealt with, as well as the history and present‐day scenario of genetics, toxicology, pathology, anthropology, entomology, fibre analysis, computer sciences and other main forensic disciplines.