This chapter describes the post‐treatment changes in the liver. Malignant liver lesions may be treated by surgical resection, liver transplantation, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and ablative therapies. The presence of malignant disease in the recipient individual's native liver is an important determination for eligibility for transplant. Complications of liver transplant surgery include fluid collections including biloma, seroma, or abscess hematoma. Chemoembolic therapy is based on the pathophysiologic premise that hypervascular malignant tumors receive greater blood supply from hepatic arteries than surrounding intact liver and thus cytotoxic agents are preferentially delivered to malignant cells. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, ethanol ablation, and laser ablation are various ablative methods to treat focal liver malignancies.