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Diseases caused by Aspergillus spp. are difficult to diagnose and thus require supplementory serological assays. This is the result of a selective review of the relevant literature with special regard to recent guidelines. In addition to conventional diagnostic tools (radiology, microscopy, culture) the measurement of the following serological markers is recommended, depending on the clinical type...
Though not overtly immunosuppressed, an elderly female patient suffered from chronic pleurisy due to Aspergillus fumigatus. In spite of nearly six months of itraconzole‐therapy, she eventually succumbed to CNPA. Pleurisy may be a typical manifestation of this rare mycosis which is often ill fated.
The relevance of infections with moulds in humans is increasing. Relevant genera are Alternaria, Cladosporium, Scopulariopsis, and Fusarium. Fusarium thereby is characterized by typical makroconidia and special makroscopical features. Known as pathogen in plants the fungi can also cause intoxications and – more seldom – infections, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. Problematic are infections of...
Invasive fungus infections caused by aspergillus spp. occur most frequently in immunocompromised patients. A high infection‐associated death rate of up to and over 50% is attributed even today to these fungi. The disease in humans is caused mainly by Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Other species, for example, Aspergillus terreus or Aspergillus nidulans are quantitatively...
The autopsy rate in Germany has drastically diminished in the last decades and is below 10% nowadays. Possible reasons for this development are discussed. Pressure of cost is a quoted cause, although it is not so high. There is a large discrepancy between the clinically supposed cause of death and the by autopsy confirmed diagnosis (40–60%). This especially applies to mycoses. Every year in Germany...
The basic pathobiological situation in the patient suffering from candidemia is discussed. The number of yeast cells present in the blood circulation was estimated and the concentrations of Candida mannoprotein as well as of Candida mannan antigen were calculated. The resulting data were correlated with observations in laboratory diagnostics and with triggering of candidemic fever.
Invasive fungal infections on the intensive care unit are predominantly caused by Candida spp., most frequently manifesting as candidemia. In spite of increasing treatment options during the last two decades, mortality of invasive candidiasis remains high with 20 to 50%. With the echinocandins, a new class of antifungal drugs with activity against clinically relevant Aspergillus and Candida spp. has...
During several decades microscopy and culture based methods have been the most important techniques for the detection of fungal infections. Culture, though often slow, sometimes insensitive and sometimes confusing with respect to contamination or colonization, may yield the specific aetiological agent, and may allow susceptibility testing to be performed. However, molecular detection and identification...
Onychomycosis defined as fungal infection of the nail represents more than 50% of all onychopathies. Epidemiological studies have shown that this mycosis is worldwide in occurrence, but with geographical variation in distribution. The direct microscopy and culture of the nail samples were performed to identify the causative agent. Out of 2273 patients with nail infection examined between January 2000...
Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which is commonly acquired by traumatic inoculation of the fungus carried in a contaminated material into the skin. Joint involvement is the most frequent extracutaneous manifestation in immunosuppressed patients. We report the case of an immunocompetent woman who acquired sporotrichosis through the scratch of...
We describe two cases of disseminated sporotrichosis as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. After the initiation of highly active anti‐retroviral therapy, one patient presented disseminated lesions, whereas the other patient’s preexisting lesions worsened and became more extensive. Simultaneously, their CD4 T cell counts increased and HIV viral loads decreased.
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