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Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are major causes of death in high‐risk haematological patients receiving induction therapy for acute leukaemia or intensified immunosuppression due to acute or chronic graft‐vs.‐host disease (GvHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Recently, two randomised studies showed the efficacy of a posaconazole prophylaxis (PP) in these patients to prevent...
Novel treatment schedules of induction therapy for acute lympoblastic leukaemia (ALL) use combinations of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs that are associated with neutropenia and acquisition of invasive fungal infections. It has been described that posaconazole, a triazole antifungal drug, is active against a variety of Candida and Aspergillus species in vitro. Moreover, large clinical trials...
Invasive mould infections (IMI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In vitro studies have demonstrated that hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) have activity against several pathogenic moulds including Zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. The aim of our study was to determine if statin use is a preventive factor for the development of IMI. This was a...
Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children and premature neonates. The new class of echinocandin lipopeptides offers alternative options for treatment and prevention through a distinct mechanism of action, broad spectrum antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp., linear pharmacokinetics, few relevant drug–drug interactions and...
The efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of invasive aspergillosis (IA) may depend on whether IA results from recent inhalation of spores or reactivation of latent colonisation. Compare the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) for prophylaxis in acute and reactivation models of IA. In the acute model, mice immunosuppressed from day 0 were challenged at day 3 with an aerosol of...
Prior clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness of posaconazole in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal diseases in high‐risk patients. Controversy exists about the cost‐effectiveness of this approach. We performed an analysis comparing the direct costs of posaconazole prophylaxis against polyene mouthwash (thrush) prophylaxis in patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Data...
Posaconazole was introduced as the primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients during remission induction chemotherapy. Data on breakthrough invasive fungal infections (IFIs) from various centres are essential, as there are several considerations in treating IFIs in the posaconazole era. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
The incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI) is believed to be higher in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing chemotherapy in non‐HEPA‐filtered rooms. The aim of this study is to review the incidence of IFI in a large cohort of patients with AML treated at a single centre in India. Two hundred and twenty‐two patients with AML treated with either induction chemotherapy or salvage...
Duration >120 minutes of extracorporeal circulation (ECC) during cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was associated to an increased risk of candidemia in the intensive care unit (ICU). To evaluate oral nystatin prophylaxis in cardiac surgery considering its exclusive effect on Candida, in the absence of systemic effects and selection of resistant strains to polyene. We conducted an observational study...
Background
Patients treated for invasive aspergillosis may relapse during subsequent periods of immunosuppression and should receive secondary prophylaxis. Little is known about the frequency of relapse and practices of secondary prophylaxis for invasive fusariosis (IF).
Objectives
Evaluate practices of secondary prophylaxis and the frequency of relapse in patients who survived IF and were exposed...
Since mould‐active azole prophylaxis has become a standard approach for patients with high‐risk haematologic diseases, the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has shifted towards non‐Aspergillus moulds. It was aimed to identify the epidemiology and characteristics of non‐Aspergillus invasive mould infections (NAIMIs). Proven/probable NAIMIs developed in patients with haematologic diseases...
Background
The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of and risk factors for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP).
Methods
The medical records of 739 DLBCL patients who received R‐CHOP between May 2004 and January 2019 were retrospectively...
Background
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection among solid organ transplantation. The occurrence of PJP is dangerous and fatal if there is no early identification and sufficient treatment.
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and provide appropriate strategies of prophylaxis and treatment for PJP after kidney transplantation in our centre...
Background
The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) can be problematic in solid organ transplantation (SOT). The prognosis greatly varies according to the type of transplant, and the impact of prophylaxis is not well defined.
Patients and Methods
The Diaspersot cohort analyses the impact of IA in SOT in Spain during the last 10 years. Proven and probable/putative IA was included.
Results...
Background and Objectives
Patients undergoing induction/reinduction chemotherapy for haematologic malignancies (HM) are at risk for invasive fungal infections (IFIs). In 2015, Duke University Hospital (DUH) implemented a new standardised fungal prophylaxis protocol for adult patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia, acute myelocytic leukaemia and myelodysplastic...
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