Objectives/Hypothesis
Delineate factors impacting the creation and use of patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) of human papilloma virus‐related (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs).
Study Design
Laboratory‐based translational study.
Methods
Fifty‐one surgically resected HNSCCs, including 31 HPV + cancers, were implanted into NOD/SCID/IL‐2Rγ‐/‐ (NSG) mice using standardized methodology. Clinical and pathologic factors were tested for association with engraftment. The gross, histologic, and molecular features of established HPV + PDXs were analyzed in comparison to their tumors of origin.
Results
Negative HPV status and perineural invasion (PNI) were independent, additive factors associated with increased PDX formation. Epstein‐Barr virus–positive (EBV+) human large B‐cell lymphomas grew from 32% of HPV + HNSCC cases that failed to engraft. Successfully established HPV + PDXs retained basaloid histology and often developed cystic growth patterns typical of HPV + nodal metastases. They also maintained elevated p16INK4A levels and expression of E6/E7 viral oncogene transcripts.
Conclusion
Reduced engraftment by HPV + tumors lacking PNI likely results in selection biases in HNSCC PDX models. Formation of EBV + lymphomas in NSG mice further reduces the generation of HPV + models and must be ruled out before long‐term use of PDXs. Nevertheless, the retention of distinctive pathologic traits and viral oncogene expression by HPV + PDXs provides a viable in vivo platform for basic and translational studies as well as a resource for generating advanced in vitro models.
Level of Evidence
NA. Laryngoscope, 127:2777–2783, 2017