The main objective of the bilateral German–Brazilian mangrove development and management (MADAM) programme (mangrove dynamics and management) was to generate the scientific basis to enable the sustainable stewardship of the resources of the Caeté mangrove estuary in north‐east Brazil in the sense of integrated coastal (zone) management. Main emphasis was given to fishes and crabs captured by artisanal fishermen. This paper describes the project strategy as developed and modified in the context of research results obtained over a period of 10 years. It is argued that a continuous discussion process is essential to assess the validity of the strategies formulated at the beginning of a medium‐term project, particularly if the project is of an interdisciplinary nature. To achieve this, it was necessary to acquire in‐depth knowledge of natural processes as well as of the relevant institutional, cultural, economic, social and political dynamics.