Saving energy saves money, reduces the use of natural resources, and reduces demand for energy services making more available for others on the system. This chapter begins with an example to illustrate two concepts 'energy efficiency' and 'energy conservation' and then applies them to the electricity sector, wind energy generation, and society in general. When energy is conserved through more efficient operation, new equipment, or direct conservation, on the part of either the consumer or the electric power utility, energy resources are conserved, since most power plants are thermally powered by consuming a fuel, such as coal, natural gas, petroleum, or nuclear fuels. Reducing emissions from fossil fuel‐fired power plants is considered an important strategy for improving human health by reducing air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.