Forensic odontology is the science of using data from the human dentition in legal contexts. Two different kinds of scientists are practitioners: forensic odontologists and forensic anthropologists. Forensic odontologists, who are usually dentists, often make positive identifications of unknown human remains, matching them with ante‐mortem records from missing persons. Forensic anthropologists estimate age, sex, and “race” from teeth to narrow down the pool of missing persons to which unknown skeletal remains are compared. This chapter describes the current state of research in each of these fields, and discusses some potential directions for future work.