This chapter highlights notable current and future strategies that, when properly harnessed, could bolster drug discovery efficiency. Using tropical diseases as an example, it argues that there are some niche disease areas and approaches that have hitherto been underexploited and/or only marginally applied as growth levers yet are likely to be valuable for the industry's present and future viability. The pharmaceutical industry has to be restructured in a manner as to make profits from smaller patient population markets; and newer approaches need to be inculcated in the pharma industry to increase efficiency in the drug discovery process. The chapter covers neglected diseases, precompetitive drug discovery, exploitation of genomics, outsourcing strategies, multitarget drug design and discovery, and drug repositioning and repurposing.