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Purpose: Epilepsy is common in sub‐Saharan Africa but is poorly characterized. Most studies are hospital‐based, and may not reflect the situation in rural areas with limited access to medical care. We examined people with active convulsive epilepsy (ACE), to determine if the clinical features could help elucidate the causes.
Methods: We conducted a detailed descriptive analysis of 445 people with...
Purpose: CO2 has been long recognized for its anticonvulsant properties. We aimed to determine whether inhaling 5% CO2 can be used to suppress seizures in epilepsy patients. The effect of CO2 on cortical epileptic activity accompanying behavioral seizures was studied in rats and nonhuman primates, and based on these data, preliminary tests were carried out in humans.
Methods: In freely moving rats,...
Purpose: We propose a patient‐specific algorithm for seizure prediction using multiple features of spectral power from electroencephalogram (EEG) and support vector machine (SVM) classification.
Methods: The proposed patient‐specific algorithm consists of preprocessing, feature extraction, SVM classification, and postprocessing. Preprocessing removes artifacts of intracranial EEG recordings and...
Purpose: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) accounts for 60% of all neonatal seizures. There is emerging evidence that seizures cause additional injury to the developing brain that has sustained hypoxic ischemic injury. Temporal evolution of clinical seizure burden in HIE has been characterized, with maximum clinical seizure burden (the period of maximum seizure activity) being observed between...
Purpose: Currently, in continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS) there is a lack of systematic assessments of the clinically relevant stages and the evolution of the electroencephalographic features. The aim of this study is to describe the evolution over time of clinical and electroencephalographic features in CSWS.
Methods: We enrolled patients from our video‐electroencephalography (EEG)...
Autosomal dominant mutations S326fs328X and A322D in the GABAA receptor α1 subunit are associated with human absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, respectively. Because these mutations substantially reduce α1 subunit protein expression in vitro, it was hypothesized that they produce epilepsy by causing α1 subunit haploinsufficiency. However, in a mixed background strain of mice, α1 subunit...
From the very beginning the seizure prediction community faced problems concerning evaluation, standardization, and reproducibility of its studies. One of the main reasons for these shortcomings was the lack of access to high‐quality long‐term electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this article we present the EPILEPSIAE database, which was made publicly available in 2012. We illustrate its content...
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on patients with refractory partial epilepsy.
Methods: Sixty‐four patients with refractory focal epilepsy were screened and 60 patients were randomly divided into two groups by stimulation intensity: 90% (group 1) or 20% (group 2) of resting motor threshold (rMT)...
Purpose: The terms “electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES)” and “continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS)” have been used interchangeably when referring to related but different concepts. In addition, the quantification of epileptiform activity has not been standardized, and different approaches to quantification have been used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent to...
An international consensus group of clinician‐researchers in epilepsy, neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry collaborated with the aim of developing clear guidance on standards for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Because the gold standard of video electroencephalography (vEEG) is not available worldwide, or for every patient, the group delineated a staged approach...
ObjectiveCurrent literature does not allow an evidence‐based approach to the treatment of continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS). The aim of this study was to describe treatment choices made by clinicians caring for patients with CSWS in North America.
MethodsA 24‐question survey on treatment choices for CSWS was distributed to the members of the American Epilepsy Society (AES). The survey...
ObjectiveTo describe the epileptic phenotype of Tsc1+/− mice pups in comparison with age‐related seizures in human tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).
MethodsTsc1+/− and control mice underwent intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recording at postnatal ages (P)8 to P33, with linear silicon probe implanted in the somatosensory cortex of one or both hemispheres for 8–24 h. Ictal events were classified...
Objective
In different cohorts, 5%‐30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have epilepsy. The high co‐occurrence of these disorders suggests that a common mechanistic link may exist. The underlying pathophysiology of this comorbidity remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the pathogenesis of ASD and epilepsy, we developed and validated a novel mouse model...
In a prospective cohort of 534 neonates with acute symptomatic seizures, 66% had incomplete response to the initial loading dose of antiseizure medication (ASM). Treatment response did not differ by gestational age, sex, medication, or dose. The risk of incomplete response was highest for seizures due to intracranial hemorrhage and lowest for hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, although the difference...
Objective
Patients with generalized epilepsy exhibit different epileptiform events including asymptomatic interictal spikes (IS), absence seizures with spike‐wave discharges (SWDs), and myoclonic seizures (MS). Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activation in SWDs, IS, and MS in the Gabra1+/A322D juvenile myoclonic epilepsy mouse.
Methods
We fabricated affordable,...
Objective
Electroencephalographic seizures (ESs) are common in encephalopathic critically ill children, but ES identification with continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (CEEG) is resource‐intense. We aimed to develop an ES prediction model that would enable clinicians to stratify patients by ES risk and optimally target limited CEEG resources. We aimed to determine whether incorporating...
Objective
Electroencephalographic seizures (ESs) are common in encephalopathic critically ill children, but identification requires extensive resources for continuous electroencephalographic monitoring (CEEG). In a previous study, we developed a clinical prediction rule using three clinical variables (age, acute encephalopathy category, clinically evident seizure[s] prior to CEEG initiation) and...
Objective
We aimed to evaluate early‐life epilepsy incidence, seizure types, severity, risk factors, and treatments among survivors of acute neonatal seizures.
Methods
Neonates with acute symptomatic seizures born 7/2015‐3/2018 were prospectively enrolled at nine Neonatal Seizure Registry sites. One‐hour EEG was recorded at age three months. Post‐neonatal epilepsy and functional development (Warner...
Objectives
We aimed to determine the incidence of periodic and rhythmic patterns (PRP), assess the interrater agreement between electroencephalographers scoring PRP using standardized terminology, and analyze associations between PRP and electrographic seizures (ES) in critically ill children.
Methods
This was a prospective observational study of consecutive critically ill children undergoing continuous...
Epilepsy syndromes have been recognized for >50 years, as distinct electroclinical phenotypes with therapeutic and prognostic implications. Nonetheless, no formally accepted International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of epilepsy syndromes has existed. The ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions was established to reach consensus regarding which entities fulfilled criteria for...
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