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Patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy have an increased mortality rate, with the majority of deaths being epilepsy related and 40% due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The impact of epilepsy surgery on mortality has been investigated since the 1970s, with increased interest in this field during the past 15 years. We systematically reviewed studies investigating mortality rate in patients...
Objective
This study was carried out to determine the effect of intrauterine carbamazepine (CBZ) exposure on fetal bone development during pregnancy.
Methods
In the study, 24 female Wistar pregnant rats were used. Rats were 20 weeks old. They had an average body weight of 150–200 g. Pregnant rats were randomly selected and divided (n = 6) into a control group, low‐dose CBZ (10 mg/kg/day) group,...
Objective
Postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES) is a surrogate marker of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). It is still unclear which ictal phenomena lead to prolonged PGES and increased risk of SUDEP. Semiology features of generalized convulsive seizure (GCS type 1) have been reported as a predictor of prolonged PGES. Progressive slowing of clonic phase...
Objective
Neonatal cerebral hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) results in symptomatic seizures and long‐term neurodevelopmental disability. The Rice‐Vannucci model of rodent neonatal HI has been used extensively to examine and translate the functional consequences of acute and chronic HI‐induced encephalopathy. Yet, longitudinal electrophysiological characterization of this brain injury model has been limited...
Objective
The risk of seizure following BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to evaluate this association.
Method
Patients who had their first seizure‐related hospitalization between February 23, 2021 and January 31, 2022, were identified in Hong Kong. All seizure episodes happening on the day of vaccination (day 0) were excluded, since clinicians...
Objective
Existing gene panels were developed to understand the etiology of epilepsy, and further benefits will arise from an effective pharmacogenomics panel for personalizing therapy and achieving seizure control. Our study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of a pharmacogenomics panel for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, compared with usual care.
Methods
A cost–utility analysis was employed...
Individuals use the observation of a conspecific to learn new behaviors and skills in many species. Whether observational learning is affected in epilepsy is not known. Using the pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy, we assessed learning by observation in a spatial task. The task involves a naive animal observing a demonstrator animal seeking a reward at a specific spatial location. After five observational...
α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are ligand‐gated cationic channels formed from combinations of GluA1‐4 subunits. Pathogenic variants of GRIA1–4 have been described in patients with developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and seizures, with GRIA2 variants typically causing AMPAR loss of function. Here, we identify...
Objective
The use of many antiseizure medications (ASMs) is limited due to pharmacoresistance and dose‐limiting side effects, suggesting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The neuropeptide galanin reduces seizures in several preclinical seizure and epilepsy models, but its clinical utility is limited due to rapid metabolism and poor blood–brain barrier penetration. The lead galanin analog...
Objective
Our goal was to determine whether animals with a history of epileptic spasms have learning and memory deficits. We also used continuous (24/7) long‐term electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to evaluate the evolution of epileptiform activity in the same animals over time.
Methods
Object recognition memory and object location memory tests were undertaken, as well as a matching to place...
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare, drug‐resistant, severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the α subunit of the voltage‐gated sodium channel gene SCN1A. Hyperexcitability in DS results from loss of function in inhibitory interneurons. Thus sodium channel blockers are usually contraindicated in patients with DS as they may lead to disease aggravation. Cenobamate...
Although approximately 10%–15% of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE)/genetic generalized epilepsy remain drug‐resistant, there is no consensus or established concept regarding the underlying mechanisms and prevalence. This review summarizes the recent data and the current hypotheses on mechanisms that may contribute to drug‐resistant IGE. A literature search was conducted in PubMed...
Objective
Epilepsy treatment trials typically rely on seizure diaries to determine seizure frequency, but these are time‐consuming and difficult to maintain accurately. Fast, reliable, and objective biomarkers of treatment response are needed, particularly in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS), where high seizure frequency and comorbid cognitive and behavioral issues are additional obstacles to accurate...
Objective
Thyroid hormone abnormalities have been linked to antiseizure medications (ASMs). Oxcarbazepine is considered safer than carbamazepine because it induces the hepatic cytochrome P450 metabolic enzymes less than the carbamazepine does. However, limited data exist for the influence of oxcarbazepine on thyroid function in children and adolescents. The objective of this study was to determine...
Pharmacogenomics hold the potential to identify variants associated with adverse drug reactions and treatment efficacy of anti‐seizure medications. A model‐based cost‐utility analysis by Gordon and colleagues showed that genetically‐guided therapy costs more, yielded higher quality‐adjusted life years outcomes, and was considered to be cost‐effective compared to usual care. The study provided preliminary...
Objective
Epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) admissions are critical for presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy but may be nondiagnostic if an insufficient number of seizures are recorded. Seizure forecasting algorithms have shown promise for estimating the likelihood of seizures as a binary event in individual patients, but methods to predict how many seizures will occur remain elusive. Such...
Objective
Monogenic epilepsies are rare but often severe. Because of their rarity, they are neglected by traditional drug developers. Hence, many lack effective treatments. Treatments for a disease can be discovered more quickly and economically by computationally predicting drugs that can be repurposed for it. We aimed to create a computational method to predict the efficacy of drugs for monogenic...
Objective
To determine whether an ictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recording as part of presurgical evaluation of children with a demarcated single unilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion is indispensable for surgical decision‐making, we investigated the relationship of interictal/ictal EEG and seizure semiology with seizure‐free outcome.
Methods
Data were obtained retrospectively...
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