In the present investigation, the characteristics of emissions (PM2.5, PM10 and suspended particulate matter), NO2, SO2, and NH3 during coal utilization processes (carbonization and combustion) and mining are discussed. Emissions were also compared with those released from the combustion of wood along with the background concentration. Morphological characterization, organic functionality, elemental, and ionic composition of particulate samples was also done. The study shows that the gases released depend upon the fuel utilization processes and their precursor concentrations in fuel. The size distribution and ionic composition of particles depend upon the fuel types and processes of particulate formation, i.e., nucleation and agglomeration. Distribution of element in coal and their association control the emission of particulate bound elements. Principal component analysis applied for the prediction of emission behaviors of coal during combustion and carbonization which provide the relation between the coal properties and emissions. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1284–1295, 2013