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Aim
To explore the value of cough maneuver (CM) in detecting right‐to‐left (RLS) during contrast transthoracic echocardiography (cTTE) and its mechanism.
Method
We enrolled 196 patients with a high level of clinical suspicion of RLS underwent cTTE for RLS detection. Valsalva maneuver (VM) (blowing into a face mask connected to a sphygmomanometer at 40 mm Hg for 10 seconds) and CM were performed...
Objectives
To evaluate whether inferior vena cava compression (IVCC) can be an alternative for valsalva maneuver (VM) in contrast‐enhanced transcranial doppler (c‐TCD).
Methods
Patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and migraine were enrolled in this study. C‐TCD was conducted at resting state, after VM and IVCC to detect right to left shunt (RLS). Then, the RLS was...
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