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Genetic studies have shown that ephrin‐B2 and its cognate EphB4 receptor are necessary for normal embryonic angiogenesis. Moreover, there is overwhelming evidence that ephrin‐B2 is involved in tumor vascularization, yet its role in adult angiogenesis has been difficult to track genetically. Here, we report the generation of transgenic mice that over‐express EfnB2 specifically in endothelial cells...
The homeobox gene Lbx1 not only plays critical roles in myogenesis and neurogenesis during embryonic development but is also expressed in activated satellite cells of adult mice. To address the potential postnatal functions of Lbx1, we generated conditional Lbx1‐null mice using the Cre‐loxP system. We generated a mouse in which Exon 2 of Lbx1 was floxed (Lbx1flox/flox), followed by cross‐breeding...
Cell‐cell signaling and adhesion are critical for establishing tissue architecture during development and for maintaining tissue architecture and function in the adult. Defects in adhesion and signaling can result in mislocalization of cells, uncontrolled proliferation and improper differentiation, leading to tissue overgrowth, tumor formation, and cancer metastasis. An important example is found...
Much is known regarding the role of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in endochondral ossification, where Ihh regulates multiple steps of chondrocyte differentiation. The Ihh−/− phenotype is most notable for severely foreshortened limbs and a complete absence of mature osteoblasts. A far less explored phenotype in the Ihh−/− mutant is found in the calvaria, where bones form predominately through intramembranous...
During the early stages of body axis extension, retinoic acid (RA) synthesized in somites by Raldh2 represses caudal fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling to limit the tailbud progenitor zone. Excessive RA down‐regulates Fgf8 and triggers premature termination of body axis extension, suggesting that endogenous RA may function in normal termination of body axis extension. Here, we demonstrate that...
The paired‐box transcription factor Pax2 plays a major role in early development of the kidney and the central nervous system. It is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme of the developing kidney, at the midbrain‐hindbrain boundary and the anlagen of the inner ear. The early expression of Pax2, especially in the developing kidney, prompted us to use this locus as a novel genetic tool to introduce...
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