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Before WW2 Danish geologists had found traces of uranium in Greenland. But being squeezed from both sides in the escalating Cold War between East and West, in the first decade after WW2 the Danish government did not support expeditions to explore Greenland's potential uranium deposits. The situation changed abruptly after President Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace address in December 1953, as a result...
With an increased emphasis on air defense and missile technology at the outset of the Cold War, the role of the USArmy's conventional ground forces seemed in doubt. The USAir Force achieved a position of primacy among the armed forces as it expanded its reach into outer space with a new ballistic missile force, while the USNavy set about a project of seafaring exploration and militarization with the...
Soon after the end of World War II, Dutch science was reconstituted by novel funding agencies with well‐filled coffers. The currently received view is that in a vulnerable and war‐torn society the new institutions were created on the basis of technocratic ideals that date back to pre‐war years. One of these agencies, the Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (or ‘FOM’), was founded by the...
With this introduction we aim to illuminate Western Europe's place on the map of Cold War science and, specifically, to draw attention to the differences in and the diversity of Western European Cold War science in comparison to the United States. By discussing narratives of Cold War science in small states and asking how they fit into the European condition, we suggest that the fact of being a small...
The focus of this article is US military research in Greenland and its role in Danish‐American political relations in the early Cold War period 1945–1968. This was a period of intense US research activity that aimed to overcome the hostile Greenlandic environment and harness it for military purposes. In the US‐Danish defense agreement on Greenland of 1951 the USA got a free hand to develop three so‐called...
As a reaction to the changed political landscape in Scandinavia following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905, the prominent Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag‐Leffler extended ‘a brotherly hand,’ calling for Scandinavian colleagues to meet for a congress of mathematicians in Stockholm in 1909. This event became the first in a series of biannual meetings which proved to...
The aim of this paper is to discuss two historiographical issues pertaining to the history of science in the European periphery. The first issue concerns the wide use of the centre‐periphery dichotomy in historical accounts discussing the diffusion and institutionalization of science across the world. The second issue concerns the use of appropriation (instead of transfer, or adaptation) as a means...
What is it about the concept of a Space Shuttle that has been so inviting throughout the 20th century? A winged, reusable space vehicle for human flight beyond Earth dominated thinking about the task prior to the space age, but to compete with the Soviet Union in the human space spectaculars that began in the late 1950s the USA opted for easier to build and fly ballistic capsules. No sooner had that...
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