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A novel multiphase fluid‐solid–coupled computational framework is applied to investigate the interaction of a kidney stone immersed in liquid with a lithotripsy shock wave (LSW) and a gas bubble near the stone. The main objective is to elucidate the effects of a bubble in the shock path to the elastic and fracture behaviors of the stone. The computational framework couples a finite volume 2‐phase...
Dysfunction of mitral valve causes morbidity and premature mortality and remains a leading medical problem worldwide. Computational modelling aims to understand the biomechanics of human mitral valve and could lead to the development of new treatment, prevention and diagnosis of mitral valve diseases. Compared with the aortic valve, the mitral valve has been much less studied owing to its highly complex...
This work aims at quantifying the effect of inherent uncertainties from cardiac output on the sensitivity of a human compliant arterial network response based on stochastic simulations of a reduced‐order pulse wave propagation model. A simple pulsatile output form is used to reproduce the most relevant cardiac features with a minimum number of parameters associated with left ventricle dynamics. Another...
We investigate the impact of microvascular geometry on the transport of drugs in solid tumors, focusing on the diffusion and consumption phenomena. We embrace recent advances in the asymptotic homogenization literature starting from a double Darcy—double advection‐diffusion‐reaction system of partial differential equations that is obtained exploiting the sharp length separation between the intercapillary...
In this paper, energy transport in a respiratory tract is modelled using the finite element method for the first time. The upper and lower respiratory tracts are approximated as a 1‐dimensional domain with varying cross‐sectional and surface areas, and the radial heat conduction in the tissue is approximated using the 1‐dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. The governing equations are solved...
In this paper, we consider large eddy simulations (LES) for human stenotic carotids in presence of atheromasic plaque, a pathological condition where transitional effects to turbulence may occur, with relevant clinical implications such as plaque rupture. We provide a reference numerical solution obtained at high resolution without any subgrid scale model, to be used to assess the accuracy of LES...
The Fast Fourier Transform–based method, originally introduced by Moulinec and Suquet in 1994 has gained popularity for computing homogenized properties of composites. In this work, the method is used for the computational homogenization of the elastic properties of cancellous bone. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study where the Fast Fourier Transform scheme is applied to bone mechanics...
All the numerical models developed for radiofrequency ablation so far have ignored the possible effect of the cooling phase (just after radiofrequency power is switched off) on the dimensions of the coagulation zone. Our objective was thus to quantify the differences in the minor radius of the coagulation zone computed by including and ignoring the cooling phase. We built models of RF tumor ablation...
We propose a computational strategy that falls into the category of prediction/correction iterative‐type approaches, for calibrating the hemodynamic model. The proposed method is used to estimate consecutively the values of the two sets of model parameters. Numerical results corresponding to both synthetic and real functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements for a single stimulus as well as...
With the development of 3‐dimensional (3D) scanning technologies in dentistry, high accuracy optical scanning data from the crown and cone beam computed tomography data from the root can be acquired easily. In many dental fields, especially in digital orthodontics, it is useful to fuse the data from the crown and the root. However, the manual fusion method is complex and difficult. A novel automatic...
Abnormal bony morphology is a factor implicated in hip joint soft tissue damage and an increased lifetime risk of osteoarthritis. Standard 2‐dimensional radiographic measurements for diagnosis of hip deformities, such as cam deformities on the femoral neck, do not capture the full joint geometry and are not indicative of symptomatic damage.
In this study, a 3‐dimensional geometric parameterisation...
Quantitative measurement of the material properties (eg, stiffness) of biological tissues is poised to become a powerful diagnostic tool. There are currently several methods in the literature to estimating material stiffness, and we extend this work by formulating a framework that leads to uniquely identified material properties. We design an approach to work with full‐field displacement data—ie,...
Computational models of cardiac mechanics, personalized to a patient, offer access to mechanical information above and beyond direct medical imaging. Additionally, such models can be used to optimize and plan therapies in‐silico, thereby reducing risks and improving patient outcome. Model personalization has traditionally been achieved by data assimilation, which is the tuning or optimization of model...
Cortical spreading depression, a depolarization wave originating in the visual cortex and traveling towards the frontal lobe, is commonly accepted as a correlate of migraine visual aura. As of today, little is known about the mechanisms that can trigger or stop such phenomenon. However, the complex and highly individual characteristics of the brain cortex suggest that the geometry might have a significant...
In this article, we develop a lung ventilation model. The parenchyma is described as an elastic homogenized media. It is irrigated by a space‐filling dyadic resistive pipe network, which represents the tracheobronchial tree. In this model, the tree and the parenchyma are strongly coupled. The tree induces an extra viscous term in the system constitutive relation, which leads, in the finite element...
In daily clinical cardiology practice, left ventricle (LV) global and regional function assessment is crucial for disease diagnosis, therapy selection, and patient follow‐up. Currently, this is still a time‐consuming task, spending valuable human resources. In this work, a novel fast methodology for automatic LV tracking is proposed based on localized anatomically constrained affine optical flow....
The paucity of experimental data for validating computational models of different statures underscores the need for appropriate scaling methods so that models can be verified and validated using experimental data. Scaling was investigated using 50th percentile male (M50) and 5th percentile female (F05) cervical spine motion segment (C4‐C5) finite element models subject to tension, flexion, and extension...
Traditional diagnostic neuropathology relies on subjective interpretation of visual data obtained from a brightfield microscopy. This approach causes high variability, unsatisfactory reproducibility, and inability for multiplexing even among experts. These problems may affect patient outcomes and confound clinical decision‐making. Also, standard histological processing of pathological specimens leads...
The articular cartilage of a knee joint has a variety of functions including dispersing stress and absorbing shock in the tissue and lubricating the surface region of cartilage. The metabolic activity of chondrocytes under the cyclic mechanical stimulations regenerates the morphology and function of tissues. Hence, the stress evaluation of the chondrocyte is a vital subject to assess the regeneration...
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