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BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that thromboprophylaxis is beneficial in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer outpatients, but this is not widely adopted because of incomplete understanding of the contemporary incidence of VTE and concerns about bleeding. Therefore, the authors examined the incidence and predictors of VTE in ambulatory patients with bladder, colorectal, lung, ovary,...
BACKGROUND:Increasing evidence shows chemotherapy in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition is a clinically active therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma (MM).
METHODS:A phase 2 trial was conducted in chemotherapy‐naive patients with unresectable stage IV MM who were randomized to temozolomide (200 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5) and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenously...
BACKGROUND:Breast cancers that are negative for the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), and the HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) marker are more prevalent among African women, and the biologically aggressive nature of these triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) may be attributed to their mammary stem cell features. Little is known about expression of the mammary...
BACKGROUND:Many women who develop cervical cancer are eligible for or are participants of Medicaid. Providing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to girls enrolled in Medicaid may reduce cervical cancer disparities in low‐income and minority women. This study evaluated provider characteristics associated with HPV vaccination among 9‐ to 17‐year‐old female Medicaid enrollees.
METHODS:A random sample...
BACKGROUND:Age‐related disparities in colon cancer treatment exist, with older patients being less likely to receive recommended therapy. However, to the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have focused on receipt of surgery. The objective of the current study was to describe patterns of surgery in patients aged ≥ 80 years with colon cancer and examine outcomes with and without colectomy.
METHODS:Medicare...
BACKGROUND:Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is an uncommon and more aggressive thyroid cancer. To date, there is a paucity of data at a population level. In this study, demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of HCC were investigated and compared with other types of differentiated thyroid cancers (ODTCs). The authors also evaluated disease‐specific survival and compliance with American Thyroid...
BACKGROUND:The monoclonal antibody PAM4 has high specificity for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), as well as its precursor lesions, but has not been found to be reactive with normal and benign pancreatic tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate a PAM4‐based serum enzyme immunoassay alone and in combination with the carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 assay for the detection of...
BACKGROUND.Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for ≥ 1 year.
METHODS.Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with...
BACKGROUND:Complete response (CR) at the primary tumor site as assessed by clinical examination following induction chemotherapy with PF (cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil [5‐FU]) is a favorable predictive factor for overall survival and disease control in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In most series, the rate of CR at the primary site after induction PF was...
BACKGROUND:The increasing costs associated with large‐scale adjuvant trials mean that the prognostic value of biologic markers is increasingly important. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki‐67, a marker of cell proliferation, has been correlated with treatment efficacy and is being investigated for its value as a predictive marker of therapeutic response. In the current study, the authors explored...
BACKGROUND:The incidence of colon cancer increases with age, and colon cancer predominantly affects individuals >65 years old. However, there are limited data regarding clinical and pathologic factors, treatment characteristics, and survival of older patients with colon cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing age on colon cancer.
METHODS:Patients diagnosed...
BACKGROUND:The high prevalence of v‐raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) and neuroblastoma v‐ras oncogene homolog (NRAS) mutations in melanoma provides a strong rationale to test the clinical efficacy of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibition in this disease. The authors hypothesized that the presence of BRAF or NRAS mutations would correlate with clinical benefit...
BACKGROUND:Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B‐cell malignancy, and patients with this disease have the poorest prognosis among all patients with B‐cell lymphomas. The signaling pathways that trigger MCL escape from immune surveillance are unclear. Because Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) initiate innate and adaptive immune responses against invading pathogens, the authors investigated the impact...
BACKGROUND:Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a very aggressive thyroid gland malignancy with very poor prognosis. It is suspected that the Notch signaling pathway, which is not active in ATC, may have a tumor suppressor function in this neoplasm. However, it remains unknown whether activation of Notch can yield therapeutic efficacies in ATC.
METHODS:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND:Traditional single‐marker and multimarker molecular profiling approaches in bladder cancer do not account for major risk factors and their influence on clinical outcome. This study examined the prognostic value of molecular alterations across all disease stages after accounting for clinicopathological factors and smoking, the most common risk factor for bladder cancer in the developed world,...
BACKGROUND:Psychosocial interventions often address only 1 domain of quality of life (QOL), are offered to patients with early‐stage cancer, do not include the caregiver, and are delivered after cancer treatment has been completed.
METHODS:In the current randomized controlled trial, 131 patients with advanced cancer who received radiotherapy and their caregivers were randomly assigned to either a...
BACKGROUND:In this study, the authors evaluated the effect of denosumab versus zoledronic acid (ZA) on pain in patients with advanced breast cancer and bone metastases.
METHODS:The prevention of pain, reduction in pain interference with daily life activities, and the proportion of patients requiring strong opioid analgesics were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy phase 3 study comparing...
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