Cancer
BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in most developed countries. Radiotherapy is important in its treatment, with an estimated optimal utilization rate between 45% and 68% at initial diagnosis. The objective of this study was to describe radiotherapy practice for lung cancer in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
METHODS:Patients with lung cancer were identified prospectively...
BACKGROUND:Currently used treatment response criteria in multiple myeloma (MM) are based in part on serum monoclonal protein (M‐protein) measurements. A drawback of these criteria is that response is determined solely by the best level of M‐protein reduction, without considering the serial trend. The authors hypothesized that metrics incorporating the serial trend of M‐protein would be better predictors...
BACKGROUND:Long‐term outcomes after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases in relatively young patients are still unknown. The aim of the current study was to evaluate long‐term outcomes in patients ≤40 years old, and to compare them with patients >40 years old.
METHODS:All consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases at the authors' hospital between 1990...
BACKGROUND:The authors hypothesized that intensified chemotherapy in protocol HIT‐GBM‐C would increase survival of pediatric patients with high‐grade glioma (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).
METHODS:Pediatric patients with newly diagnosed HGG and DIPG were treated with standard fractionated radiation and simultaneous chemotherapy (cisplatin 20 mg/m2 × 5 days, etoposide 100 mg/m2...
BACKGROUND:We sought to measure time and identify predictors of timely follow‐up among a cohort of racially/ethnically diverse inner city women with breast and cervical cancer screening abnormalities.
METHODS:Eligible women had an abnormality detected on a mammogram or Papanicolaou (Pap) test between January 2004 and December 2005 in 1 of 6 community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Retrospective...
BACKGROUND:Several reports have revealed the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the development of cancer. Although many SNPs have been investigated, they were tested individually. In this study, nonsynonymous SNPs present in DNA damage response genes were comprehensively analyzed for lung cancer susceptibility.
METHODS:The authors selected 37 nonsynonymous SNPs in 23...
BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking has been shown to increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, particularly smoking early in life. Little is known about the impact of tobacco use on colon cancer recurrence among colon cancer survivors.
METHODS:The authors prospectively collected lifetime smoking history from stage III colon cancer patients enrolled in a phase 3 trial via self‐report questionnaires...
BACKGROUND:Ewing sarcoma (ES) was a malignant tumor of bone or soft tissue. One of the few risk factors for developing ES is race, with a higher incidence noted in populations of European rather than African or Asian ancestry. The goal of the current study was to evaluate racial and ethnic differences in presentation and overall survival (OS) among patients diagnosed with ES before age 40 years.
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BACKGROUND:Radiotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with localized squamous cell cancer of the anal canal. The goal of the current study was to evaluate long‐term quality of life (QoL) in patients after this treatment.
METHODS:Questionnaires were mailed to 80 patients treated with definitive radiotherapy, with or without concurrent chemotherapy, for anal cancer, with a minimum 2‐year...
BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer incidence was evaluated by histologic type, age at diagnosis, and disease stage for 6 Asian ethnic groups residing in the United States.
METHODS:Incidence rates were estimated for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma by age and stage for 6 Asian ethnic groups—Asian Indian/Pakistani, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese—in 5 US cancer...
BACKGROUND:Little information is available regarding the effects of new adjuvant treatment regimens on menstrual functioning in premenopausal women with early breast cancer.
METHODS:The authors conducted a retrospective review of data from premenopausal women who received treatment for early breast cancer to evaluate the rates of amenorrhea in follow‐up. The women who were included received treatment...
BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. CRC incidence and mortality rates are higher among blacks than among whites, and screening rates are lower in blacks than in whites. For the current study, the authors tested 3 interventions that were intended to increase the rate of CRC screening among African Americans.
METHODS:The following interventions...
BACKGROUND:The study was conducted to determine whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can safely reduce pain from osseous metastatic disease.
METHODS:The single‐arm prospective trial included patients with a single painful bone metastasis with unremitting pain with a score >50 on a pain scale of 0‐100. Percutaneous computed tomography‐guided RFA of the bone metastasis to temperatures >60°C...
BACKGROUND:The authors investigated the expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and evaluated its potential as a serum biomarker.
METHODS:SAA gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and normal endometrial tissues, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and flow cytometry. SAA concentration...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and follows an unpredictable disease course. To improve prognostication, a better understanding of critical genes associated with disease progression is required. The objective of this review was to focus attention on 2 such genes, p53 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), and to provide a comprehensive summary and critical analysis...
BACKGROUND:Primary central nervous system (CNS) post‐transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PCNS‐PTLD) is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation. The objectives of this study were to define the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this disease and to explore the impact of treatment on patient outcomes.
METHODS:The authors reviewed the databases of participating institutions...
BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that black patients with pancreatic cancer are less likely to undergo resection and have worse overall survival compared with white patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether these disparities occur at the point of surgical evaluation or after evaluation has taken place.
METHODS:The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and...