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BACKGROUND:National surveys have reported declines in rates of home‐based fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last decade. However, socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic differences in FOBT trends and their changes relative to endoscopic CRC screening have not been evaluated.
METHODS:Data on adults ages 50 to 64 years from the 2000, 2005, and 2008 National...
BACKGROUND:Despite substantial declines in cervical cancer mortality because of widespread screening, socioeconomic status (SES) disparities persist. The authors examined trends in cervical cancer mortality rates and the risk of late‐stage diagnoses by SES.
METHODS:Using data from the National Vital Statistics System, trends in age‐standardized mortality rates among women ages 25 to 64 years (1993‐2007)...
BACKGROUND:Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric mucosal inflammatory responses, resulting in up‐regulation of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and overproduction of mutagenic nitric oxide (NO). The authors previously demonstrated that IL‐1β plays an important role in H. pylori‐induced E‐cadherin (E‐cad) methylation. Here, they extend the study to investigate the downstream effect of IL‐1β on H. pylori...
BACKGROUND:In this phase 1/2 study, the authors tested the hypothesis that single‐fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for previously unirradiated spinal metastases is a safe, feasible, and efficacious treatment approach.
METHODS:All patients were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging studies were obtained before treatment and at regular intervals to define...
BACKGROUND:Changes in the receptor profile of primary breast cancers to their metastases (receptor conversion) have been described for the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of receptor conversion for ERα and PR on survival in a large group of distant non‐bone breast cancer metastases.
METHODS:Receptor conversion was studied...
BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of cancer on newly diagnosed adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients.
METHODS:This was a population‐based, multicenter study of 523 newly diagnosed AYA survivors (ages 15‐39 years) of germ cell cancer (n = 204), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 131), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 142), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 21), or...
BACKGROUND:Expression of DNA‐repair proteins and activated mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) may differ according to smoking status. The authors investigated whether p38 MAPK activity contributed to the viability of cisplatin in lung cancer cell lines from never or light smokers and to ERCC1 mRNA expression.
METHODS:Activated p38 MAPK was tested as a predictor for ERCC1 levels in 117 lung...
BACKGROUND:The rapid pace of genetics research, coupled with evolving standards for informed consent, can create ethical challenges regarding future use of tissue or information from completed clinical trials. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Oncology Cooperative Group was faced with an ethical dilemma regarding sharing genetic data from a completed genome‐wide association study (GWAS) that...
In the second half of the 19th century, most cancer patients were cared for by surgeons who exerted ascesis and limited their operations to 1 or 2 specific areas. To assist surgeons and other physicians in caring for their patients, pathologists described newly discovered entities, refined the microscopic classification of tumors, and introduced the grading of cancers. The discoveries of Rontgen and...
BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a common pediatric solid tumor, and outcomes for patients with advanced neuroblastoma remain poor despite extremely aggressive treatment. Chemotherapy resistance at relapse contributes heavily to treatment failure. The poor survival of patients with high‐risk NBL prompted this investigation into novel treatment options with the objective of gaining a better understanding...
BACKGROUND:Paclitaxel causes an acute pain syndrome (P‐APS), occurring within days after each dose and usually abating within days. Paclitaxel also causes a more classic peripheral neuropathy, which steadily increases in severity with increasing paclitaxel total doses. Little detail is available regarding the natural history of these 2 syndromes, or any relationship between them, although a recent...
BACKGROUND:The impact of race and socioeconomic status (SES) in prostate cancer (CaP) outcomes has been well‐studied, but controversy remains. The associations of race/SES with intermediate CaP outcomes, including positive surgical margin (PSM) and biochemical recurrence (BCR), were explored in an equal‐access setting.
METHODS:Data were retrospectively collected from 2502 men in the Shared Equal...
BACKGROUND:Gene expression profiling (GEP) is being used increasingly for risk stratification to identify women with lymph node‐negative, estrogen receptor‐positive, early stage breast cancer who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The authors of this report evaluated the cost effectiveness of recurrence score‐guided treatment using 2 commercially available GEP tests, Oncotype DX...
BACKGROUND:Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer, with an estimated 68,130 new cases and 8700 deaths in the United States in 2010. The increasing incidence and high death rate associated with metastatic disease support the need to focus on prevention. The authors used data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to assess whether 3‐hydroxy‐3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (statins)...
BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status influence the outcome of locoregional treatments. However, the interrelationship of these factors with trastuzumab is unclear. In this study, the role of HR and HER2 status on the locoregional benefit of trastuzumab treatment was investigated in patients with nonmetastatic breast...
BACKGROUND:Early research demonstrated that patients' length‐of‐stay and inpatient costs varied according to their health insurance status. The authors of the current report studied a population‐based sample of privately insured, Medicaid‐insured, and uninsured inpatients ages 21 to 64 years who underwent surgical resection for either nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (n = 781) or colorectal cancer...
BACKGROUND:Dermatologic adverse events stemming from anticancer therapies have become an increasingly frequent clinical problem. Inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), such as temsirolimus and everolimus, have been associated with a high rate of skin eruptions, but their clinical and histopathologic characteristics have not been explored.
METHODS:A retrospective analysis of patients...
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