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BACKGROUNDGerm‐cell cancer (GCC) patients aged ≥40 years have a two‐fold higher GCC‐specific mortality. It has been hypothesized that reduced treatment intensity combined with increased treatment related toxicity could be the explanation. The objective was to analyze chemotherapy intensity, treatment related toxicity and survival in patients aged ≥40 years treated with standard chemotherapy for GCC...
BACKGROUNDSeveral prognostic indices have been devised to optimize patient selection for phase 1 oncology trials with no consensus as to the optimal score and none qualifying as a marker of treatment response.
METHODSMultivariate predictors of overall survival (OS) were tested on 118 referred patients to develop the Hammersmith Score (HS). The score's ability to predict OS, progression‐free survival...
BACKGROUNDRandomized trials have demonstrated that radiation improves survival in patients with glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize the risk factors and impact of omission of radiation therapy in such patients.
METHODSThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program was used to identify 22,777 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between 1988 and 2007. Multivariable...
BACKGROUNDThe Gynecologic Oncology Group conducted this phase 2 trial to estimate the antitumor activity of bevacizumab and to determine the nature and degree of toxicity in patients with recurrent sex cord‐stromal tumors of the ovary.
METHODSA prospective, multi‐institutional cooperative group trial was performed in women with recurrent, measurable ovarian stromal tumors. Patients were allowed to...
BACKGROUNDCurrently, there is very low‐quality evidence available regarding benefit of surgical resection of the primary tumor (SRPT), in patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). In the absence of randomization, the reported benefit may reflect selection of younger and healthier patients with good performance status. A large population‐based cohort study was undertaken to determine the survival...
BACKGROUNDProstate cancer mortality in the United States has declined by nearly 40% over the last 25 years. However, to the authors' knowledge, the contribution of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening for the early detection of prostate cancer remains unclear and controversial. In the current study, the authors attempted to determine whether improvements in survival over time among patients with...
BACKGROUNDIn head and neck cancer patients prior to treatment, dysphagia noted by patients is more common than aspiration on formal swallow studies. The authors hypothesized that patient‐reported dysphagia impacts multiple domains of quality of life (QOL) and predicts disease recurrence and disease‐related death.
METHODSThe Swal‐QOL, a dysphagia‐specific, swallowing‐related, QOL measure, and the...
BACKGROUNDThe majority of patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have low‐risk disease with a < 10% chance of ccRCC‐specific death. DNA sequencing revealed that mutations in BAP1 (BRCA1 associated protein‐1) occur in 5% to 15% of ccRCC cases and are associated with poor outcomes. The vast majority of BAP1 mutations abolish protein expression. In this study, we used a highly...
BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) and lymph node dissection (LND) on survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
METHODSThe 2004 to 2008 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was analyzed to identify patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery and received chemotherapy and to evaluate the correlation...
BACKGROUNDRecent observational studies have suggested that the use of beta blockers might be associated with better prognosis after cancer. Because evidence is limited for colorectal cancer (CRC), the association of beta blocker use and prognosis was investigated in a large population‐based cohort of patients with CRC.
METHODSBetween 2003 and 2007, information on beta blocker use at diagnosis and...
BACKGROUNDInsurance status is associated with stage at diagnosis and treatment for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but no previous studies have addressed the relation between insurance status and survival for patients diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of NHL.
METHODSThe authors analyzed survival among 3858 patients with DLBCL ages 18 to 64 years who were diagnosed...
BACKGROUNDThe American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updates on cancer incidence and death rates and trends in these outcomes for the United States. This year's report includes the prevalence of comorbidity at the...
BACKGROUNDHispanics are more likely than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States to be diagnosed with later stage of prostate cancer, yet they have lower prostate cancer mortality rates. The authors evaluated the impact of nativity and neighborhood‐level Hispanic ethnic enclave on prostate cancer survival among Hispanics.
METHODSA total of 35,427 Hispanic men diagnosed with invasive prostate...
BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the benefit of primary tumor resection among patients with metastatic inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is unknown.
METHODSThe authors reviewed 172 cases of metastatic IBC. All patients received chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and/or surgery. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders to chemotherapy. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and...
BACKGROUNDA high frequency of hypogonadism has been reported in male patients with advanced cancer. The current study was performed to evaluate the association between low testosterone levels, symptom burden, and survival in male patients with cancer.
METHODSOf 131 consecutive male patients with cancer, 119 (91%) had an endocrine evaluation of total (TT), free (FT), and bioavailable testosterone...
BACKGROUNDThe objectives of this study were to identify factors associated with treatment differences, characterize changes in treatment patterns over time, and compare survival across treatment types in patients who received treatment for localized laryngeal cancer.
METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients who...
BACKGROUNDHigh‐grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is frequently upstaged after surgery and is associated with uniformly poor survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may offer a way to improve clinical outcomes. The authors compared the survival rates of patients with UTUC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery with the rates among patients who did not.
METHODSA retrospective review...
BACKGROUNDInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with early metastasis and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Identifying a novel therapeutic approach may improve the prognosis for patients with IBC. Because androgen receptor (AR)‐expressing tumors may be targeted by anti‐AR therapy, the authors examined the prevalence of AR expression in IBC...
BACKGROUNDDespite clinical trials demonstrating improved survival with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I to III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it is unclear whether this survival benefit extends to broader populations. The current study evaluated patterns of AC use and examined the impact of AC on survival.
METHODSA retrospective analysis...
BACKGROUNDThis study sought to compare the effectiveness of aggressive versus nonaggressive treatment in reducing cancer‐specific mortality for older men with early‐stage prostate cancer across differing comorbid disease burdens at diagnosis.
METHODSIn total, the authors sampled 140,553 men aged ≥66 years with early‐stage prostate cancer who were diagnosed between 1991 and 2007 from the Surveillance,...
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