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BACKGROUNDTo the authors's knowledge, there are few published prospective cohort studies of colonoscopy complications in patients at average risk for colorectal cancer who received colorectal cancer screening from a community‐based program. In this article, the authors report the rate of colonoscopy complications in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Colorectal Cancer Screening...
BACKGROUNDMaryland, excluding Baltimore City, began public health screening for colorectal cancer in 2000. Initiating colorectal cancer screening in Baltimore City was an objective in the Maryland Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) funding announcement for the “Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program” (CRCSDP) was seen as a potential...
BACKGROUND:Because of its relatively low incidence, bladder cancer screening might have a better ratio of benefits to harms if it is restricted to a high‐risk population. Data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial were used and simple decision analytic techniques were applied to compare different eligibility criteria for a screening trial.
METHODS:For a variety...
BACKGROUND:Recommendation for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening for women with a prior history of chest radiation is currently based on expert opinion, because existing data are very scant. The objective of this study was to evaluate added cancer yield of screening breast MRI in this population.
METHODS:A retrospective review identified 98 women with a prior history of chest radiation...
BACKGROUND:In November 2009, the US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) published updated breast cancer screening guidelines. This marked a change from the 2002 recommendations and a significant divergence from the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines. In the current study, the potential effect of using the revised 2009 USPSTF guidelines on patient disease stage and survival were evaluated...
BACKGROUND:The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which was conducted between 2002 and 2009, demonstrated that screening with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduced lung cancer mortality by 20% among screening‐eligible populations compared with chest x‐ray. In this article, the authors provide an estimate of the annual number of lung cancer deaths that can be averted by screening, assuming...
BACKGROUND:Routine screening for distress is internationally recommended as a necessary standard for good cancer care, given its high prevalence and negative consequences on quality of life. The objective of the current study was to contribute to the Italian validation of the Distress Thermometer (DT) to determine whether the single item DT compared favorably with referent criterion measures.
METHODS:In...
BACKGROUNDAfter the introduction of a mammography screening program, the incidence of late‐stage breast cancer is expected to decrease. The objective of the current study was to evaluate variations in the total incidence of breast cancer and in the incidence of breast cancers with a pathologic tumor (pT) classification of pT2 through pT4 after the introduction of mammography screening in 6 Italian...
BACKGROUNDFollow‐through of a positive screening test is necessary to reap the potential benefits of cancer screening. Racial variation in follow‐through diagnostic care may underlie a proportion of the known disparity in prostate cancer mortality. The authors used data from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial to determine whether race is...
BACKGROUNDSolid organ transplantation recipients have elevated cancer incidence. Estimates of absolute cancer risk after transplantation can inform prevention and screening.
METHODSThe Transplant Cancer Match Study links the US transplantation registry with 14 state/regional cancer registries. The authors used nonparametric competing risk methods to estimate the cumulative incidence of cancer after...
BACKGROUNDIn November 2009, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued new recommendations regarding mammography screening. The Task Force recommended against routine screening for women ages 40 to 49 years and recommended biennial screening for women ages 50 to74 years. The recommendations met great controversy in mass media and medical literature; whether they have had an impact on screening...
BACKGROUNDAlthough screening of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive individuals for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN; a precursor of anal cancer) has been practiced in San Francisco among HIV health care providers since the early 1990s, to the authors' knowledge no study to date has focused on evaluating recent AIN trends.
METHODSCases of high‐grade AIN 3 and invasive anal cancer from...
BACKGROUNDRates of screening mammography have plateaued, and the number of mammography facilities has declined in the past decade. The objective of this study was to assess changes over time and geographic disparities in the availability of mammography services.
METHODSUsing information from the US Food and Drug Administration and the US Census, county‐level mammography capacity was defined as the...
BACKGROUNDBiennial screening mammography retains most of the benefits of annual breast cancer screening with reduced harms. Whether screening guidelines based on race/ethnicity and age would be more effective than age‐based guidelines is unknown.
METHODSMammography data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium were linked to pathology and tumor databases. The authors identified women aged 40...
BACKGROUNDThe National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), which compared lung cancer screening with low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) versus chest radiography (CXR), demonstrated a statistically significant mortality benefit of LDCT screening. In the current study, the authors performed a post hoc analysis to examine whether the benefit was affected by various baseline factors, including age, sex, and...
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